>> A CANDID CULTURAL CONVERSATIONS SPONSORED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH
[Candid Cross-Cultural Conversations Event Series on May 27, 2021. ]
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TEXAS AT DALLAS AND DALLAS COLLEGE.MY NAME IS MATT HOUSTON AND I'M HONORED TO SERVE ON THE COMMITTEE THAT BROUGHT THAT IS BRINGING YOU THIS THREE PART FORUM.
THIS FORUM IS ONE, AN EDUCATIONAL AND ACADEMIC SETTING, WHERE WE'RE GOING TO HEAR FROM COMMUNITY LEADERS, CIVIC INFLUENCERS, AND PEOPLE WHO HAVE HISTORIANS, AND PEOPLE FROM THE AREA WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED THE HISTORY OF THE CITY, AND ITS DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND INCLUSION JOURNEY AND WE'RE GOING TO USE THAT HISTORIC CONTEXT TO FRAME OUR DISCUSSION FOR THE NEXT COUPLE OF WEEKS, TO UNDERSTAND THE STATE OF DALLAS IN THIS SPACE OF DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND INCLUSION, AND HOW WE COLLECTIVELY CAN BUILD A STRATEGY AND A PLAN FOR THE FUTURE.
BEFORE I GET STARTED, I WOULD LIKE TO ALSO PROVIDE A COUPLE OF GROUND RULES, THINGS OF THAT NATURE.
ONE, LIKE I SAID EARLIER, THIS IS A CONVERSATION.
OUR PURPOSE IS NOT TO PROVE ONE SIDE IS RIGHT OR NOT.
WHETHER YOU ARE HISTORICALLY MARGINALIZED COMMUNITY MEMBER, OR YOU'RE IN A SPACE WHERE THERE HAS BEEN PRIVILEGE IN DALLAS, IN THIS HISTORY, THIS DISCUSSION ISN'T TO PROVE WHO IS RIGHT OR WRONG.
THIS DISCUSSION IS TO ILLUMINATE THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND THINGS THAT WERE DONE AND REACTIONS AND CONSEQUENCES AFTERWARDS.
SO AS WE ARE NAVIGATING THE NEXT SIX HOURS, TWO HOURS THIS THURSDAY, TWO HOURS NEXT THURSDAY, AND TWO HOURS THE FOLLOWING THURSDAY, ON JUNE 10TH, WE ARE GOING TO HAVE THIS EXPLORATORY SPACE SO THAT WE CAN BUILD AS A CITY AND BECOME THE INTERNATIONAL DESTINATION ACROSS THE GLOBE.
WITH THAT BEING SAID, I AM HONORED TO INTRODUCE TO YOU THE PERSON WHO IS HEAD OF OUR ACADEMIC SPACE AT THE UNIVERSITY NORTH TEXAS AT DALLAS, OUR PROVOST, DR. BETTY STEWART.
I WANT TO THANK THE SEARCH INSTITUTE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS AT DALLAS.
DALLAS COLLEGE AND OUR COLLABORATIVE PARTNERS FOR DEVELOPING THIS THREE PART SERIES ON DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND INCLUSION.
YOUR WILLINGNESS TO HAVE DISCUSSIONS AROUND THIS IMPORTANT TOPIC SPEAKS TO THE PROGRESS WE'RE MAKING AS CITIZENS OF DALLAS, THE STATE OF TEXAS AND THIS COUNTRY.
WE LIVE IN A DIVERSE NATION, COMPOSED OF IMMIGRANTS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD.
MANY IMMIGRANTS CAME TO THIS COUNTRY SEEKING A BETTER WAY OF LIFE.
WHEN I WAS A CHILD, I WAS TAUGHT IN SCHOOL THAT AMERICA WAS REFERRED TO AS A MELTING POT.
A PLACE WHERE A VARIETY OF PEOPLES, CULTURES OR INDIVIDUALS ASSIMILATE INTO A COHESIVE MOLD.
THE MELTING POT TERMINOLOGY COMES FROM THE IDEA THAT ALL OF THE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THIS COUNTRY MELD TOGETHER AS IF THEY WERE MEDALS BEING MELTED DOWN TO BECOME A STRONGER ALLOY.
WHILE IT'S TRUE THAT THERE ARE MANY CULTURES WITHIN THIS NATION, THIS STATE AND THIS CITY, THIS MELTING POT TERMINOLOGY IS NOT ALWAYS EVIDENT IN SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND GOVERNMENTAL POLICIES ALL AROUND US.
AND IN THE PLACES IN WHICH WE LIVE, LEARN, WORK, AND PLAY.
DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND INCLUSION ARE THREE WORDS WHOSE IMPORTANCE HAVE GROWN SIGNIFICANTLY OVER THE PAST DECADE AND HAVE BECOME EVEN MORE IMPORTANT IN THIS COUNTRY WITH A HIGH PROFILE SENSELESS DEATHS OF PEOPLE OF COLOR OVER THE PAST 12 MONTHS.
LET US NOT MISTAKENLY BELIEVE THAT WHERE THERE IS DIVERSITY, THERE IS EQUITY AND INCLUSION.
DIVERSITY IS USED TO DESCRIBE ALL THE WAYS IN WHICH PEOPLE DIFFER, NOT
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JUST RACE AND GENDER.EQUITY IS ABOUT CREATING FAIR ACCESS, OPPORTUNITY AND ADVANCEMENT FOR ALL PEOPLE, WHERE ONE'S IDENTITY CANNOT PREDICT THE OUTCOME.
INCLUSION IS WHERE A VARIETY OF PEOPLE FEEL A SENSE OF BELONGING AND VALUE, WHERE THEY HAVE POWER, A VOICE, AND DECISION MAKING AUTHORITY.
TO HAVE THE COURAGEOUS CONVERSATIONS, WE ARE COMPELLED TO LOOK AT OURSELVES, CITY, STATE AND OUR NATION.
MY HOPE FOR THIS SERIES OF FORUMS IS THAT BOTH PARTICIPANTS AND PANELISTS USE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO TRULY HAVE THOSE CANDID CONVERSATIONS, TO ACKNOWLEDGE AND LEARN FROM THE PAST, TO TURN OUR FOCUS ON CORRECTING THE PRESENT, AND USE THIS AS A CALL TO PERSONAL ACTION.
THANK YOU FOR GIVING ME AN OPPORTUNITY TO GREET YOU TODAY, AND I LOOK FORWARD TO AN INFORMATIVE AND PRODUCTIVE FORUM.
>> THANK YOU, PROVOST STEWART.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR WORDS.
BUT MOST IMPORTANTLY, THANK YOU FOR YOUR ACTIONS, AS YOU ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE NOT ONLY AN ACADEMIC OPPORTUNITY FOR OUR COMMUNITY, TO ENHANCE OUR LIVES, BUT ALSO YOU'RE CREATING SPACES OUTSIDE OF THE CLASSROOM SO THAT WE CAN DEVELOP AS A CULTURE.
NEXT, I AM HONORED TO INTRODUCE TO YOU AN INDIVIDUAL WHO I HAVE WORKED WITH IN THE COMMUNITY FOR SEVERAL YEARS.
WITH PARTNERSHIPS WITH COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS, AND DALLAS COLLEGE, DR. JUSTIN LENONE, WHO IS THE EXECUTIVE VICE CHANCELLOR, OVER OPERATIONS HAS BEEN KEY IN NOT ONLY BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE WITHIN DALLAS COLLEGE TO SERVE OUR COMMUNITY, BUT ALSO PROVIDING A STRATEGY SO THAT WE CAN HAVE A GREAT WORKFORCE, APPROPRIATE WORKFORCE FOR OUR CITY'S NEEDS.
>> THANK YOU ALL FOR BEING HERE TODAY.
IT'S AN HONOR FOR DALLAS COLLEGE TO BE A PART OF THIS CONVERSATION, THAT IS SO CRITICAL IN OUR COMMUNITY, WE REALLY APPRECIATE THE PARTNERSHIP AND COLLABORATION WITH U&T ON THIS INITIATIVE AND SO MANY OTHERS IN OUR COMMUNITY.
I'LL TELL YOU THAT THIS CONVERSATION IS ONE THAT DALLAS COLLEGE AS AN INSTITUTION HAS BEEN ON A JOURNEY FOR SOME TIME AND CONTINUES TO ACCELERATE THAT JOURNEY.
WE HAVE DONE SOME THINGS OVER THE LAST FEW YEARS TO HELP BETTER UNDERSTANDING ALONG THESE TOPICS AND YOU KNOW, DID A SURVEY, DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND INCLUSION SURVEY OF ALL OF OUR EMPLOYEES TO GET A SENSE OF HOW THEY FELT ABOUT WHERE WE WERE AS AN INSTITUTION AND ENGAGE OUTSIDE EXPERTISE TO HELP US ALONG THIS WAY.
AND REALLY PROUD OF SOME OF THE WORK WE'VE DONE TO CREATE EMPLOYEE RESOURCE GROUPS THAT CAN SERVE AS NETWORK AND SUPPORT OPPORTUNITIES FOR OUR EMPLOYEES.
AND THEN REALLY UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF OUR THEN BOARD CHAIR DEANNA FLORES ESTABLISHED A DIVERSITY, EQUITY INCLUSION COMMITTEE OF OUR BOARD.
THAT HAS CONTINUED ON WITH OUR CURRENT BOARD CHAIR, MONICA.
AND ANOTHER OUTGROWTH OF ALL OF THIS WORK WAS THE CREATION OF OFFICE OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY.
AND REALLY TO HAVE A HOME AND A FOCUS AND ATTENTION ON WHAT HAD HAD EXISTED PREVIOUSLY OF PARTS OF THIS WORK, DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE INSTITUTION, BUT TO REALLY LEAD US.
SO WE ARE EXCITED ABOUT THE WORK GOING ON THERE.
WE SEE OUR ROLE WITHIN THE EXTERNAL COMMUNITY.
WE ARE YOUR COMMUNITY COLLEGE, DALLAS COLLEGE.
SO WORKING WITH OUR PARTNERS WITHIN THE COMMUNITY AND THAT IS WHAT IS SO EXCITING ABOUT WHAT HAS BEEN ORGANIZED TODAY, TO HAVE THIS PANEL OF LEADERS AND EXPERTS IN THIS SPACE AND SUCH GOOD FRIENDS AND SUPPORTERS LIKE MATT, LIKE RENEE AND THE REST OF THE TEAM AND THE GROUP.
IT'S YOU KNOW, REALLY LOOKING FORWARD TO THIS DIALOG AND CONVERSATION TODAY.
BUT YOU KNOW, AS WE CREATED THE OFFICE OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, WE RECOGNIZE IT'S NOT JUST AN OFFICE.
THIS IS A RESPONSIBILITY FOR ALL OF US, ALL OF US IN LEADERSHIP TO FOSTER THESE CONVERSATIONS, BE VERY INTENTIONAL ABOUT THE WORK IN THIS SPACE.
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I THINK IT'S ALSO, YOU KNOW, A SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES TO ENGAGE IN THIS.SO WE HAVE THE UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO ENGAGE YOU KNOW, DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY WITH THOSE WHOSE LIVES HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN IMPACTED AND MARGINALIZED BY THIS COUNTRY AND THIS COMMUNITY.
BUT QUITE FRANKLY, ALSO THOSE WHO ARE MORE RECENT ON THEIR PERSONAL JOURNEY TO GAIN GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF THESE TOPICS AND ISSUES.
SO IT'S GREAT TO SEE THESE KIND OF CONVERSATIONS GOING ON AMONGST PLACES OF EDUCATION AND LEARNING.
AND THAT IS NOT SOMETHING THAT WE TAKE LIGHTLY HERE AT DALLAS COLLEGE.
SO WE'RE CONTINUING TO FULLY SUPPORT AND EMBRACE SO EVERYONE HAS A MORE EQUITABLE FUTURE AND THAT WE'RE FORCED TO TAKE A LOOK AT OUR PAST TO BETTER UNDERSTAND OUR PRESENT AND TO PLAN BETTER FOR OUR FUTURE, TO PROVIDE MORE OPPORTUNITY FOR EVERYONE, FOR ALL, WHICH IS WHAT DALLAS COLLEGE REPRESENTS.
SO AGAIN, APPRECIATE THE OPPORTUNITY TO BE A PART OF IT.
APPRECIATE THE DALLAS COLLEGE OPPORTUNITY TO BE A PART OF IT.
THANK YOU ON BEHALF OF ALL OF DALLAS COLLEGE FOR THE WORK AND ENGAGEMENT IN THIS SPACE AND TOPIC AND KNOW IT'S GOING TO BE A GREAT DISCUSSION AND CONSTRUCTIVE DIALOG, TO LOOK FOR EQUITABLE ACTIONS AND SOLUTIONS FOR EVERYONE.
I WAS WAITING ON MY COMPUTER, MY CAMERA TO START.
ALSO, THIS IS A GREAT TIME TO KICK OFF HOW WE WILL START OUR CANDID CROSS CULTURAL CONVERSATION.
I WANTED TO MAKE SURE I GOT THE TITLE CORRECT.
I KNOW I FLUBBED IT A BRIEF SEGMENT AT THE BEGINNING OF OUR SESSION, PLEASE PROVIDE GRACE AS WE ARE ALL WORKING TOGETHER TO BUILD OUR CITY.
THE PERSON WHO IS GOING TO SHEPHERD US THROUGH THIS PROCESS IS OUR MODERATOR MS. KIMBERLY O'NEIL.
AWARD WINNING PROFESSOR, EXECUTIVE LEADER AND SOCIAL GOOD EXPERT WHO SERVED AS THE YOUNGEST AFRICAN AMERICAN FEMALE CITY MANAGER IN THE UNITED STATES.
AS A VETERAN SENIOR GOVERNMENT AND NON PROFIT EXECUTIVE, SHE HAS LED ACTIVITIES THAT HAVE GENERATED MORE THAN $20 MILLION FOR COMMUNITY INITIATIVES, NEGOTIATED MAJOR URBAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS.
AND USED HER VOICE TO IMPACT PUBLIC POLICY DECISIONS WHILE LOBBYING IN NEW YORK CITY AND ON CAPITOL HILL.
THIS INDIVIDUAL HAS MOVED TO TEXAS THESE LAST SEVERAL YEARS, WORKED HERE AND HAVE DONE AMAZING STRIDES, AMAZING THINGS IN OUR COMMUNITY.
NOT ONLY IN DALLAS COUNTY, BUT IN THE NORTH TEXAS REGION.
I AM HONORED THAT SHE IS FACILITATING THIS DISCUSSION.
WITHOUT FURTHER ADO, I WOULD LIKE TO INTRODUCE YOU ALL TO MS. KIMBERLY O'NEIL WHO WILL TELL YOU ALL THE REST OF THE PROGRAM.
>> THANK YOU, MATT AND HAPPY THURSDAY TO EVERYONE.
I ALWAYS STUMBLE ON THAT WHEN I'M THINKING ABOUT THE DAYS OF THE WEEK NOW DURING THE PANDEMIC.
BUT I'M HONORED AND GRATEFUL AND EXCITED TO LEAD THIS CONVERSATION TODAY AND TO HELP MODERATE THE DISCUSSIONS THAT WE HONESTLY NEED TO HAVE.
BEFORE COMING TO TEXAS, I BRING WITH ME MORE THAN 30 YEARS OF COMMUNITY WORK AND TEN YEARS SPENT ON WORKING IN EQUITY AND INCLUSION WITH MY WORK AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON FEDERAL RECORD AND THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FOR FEDERAL COURT CASE AGAINST THE LARGEST CITY IN THIS COUNTRY, WHERE THE PLAINTIFFS, I TRAVELLED THIS COUNTRY JUST RESEARCHING AND STUDYING THE THINGS THAT HAVE HAPPENED HISTORICALLY.
ONE OF THE THINGS I FAIL TO SEE IS THIS LEVEL OF CONVERSATION, WHERE WE TALK ABOUT EQUITY AND INCLUSION, FIRST WE TALK ABOUT WHAT HAS HAPPENED HISTORICALLY, SO I'M GLAD THAT WE'RE STARTING OFF TODAY IN THIS WAY AND GLAD THAT WE'RE STARTING OFF WITH THE PRESENTERS THAT WE HAVE.
OUR STRUCTURE FOR TODAY, WE WILL HAVE FOUR PRESENTATIONS THAT WILL LAST APPROXIMATELY 15 TO 20 MINUTES EACH, IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS FROM ANY OF THE PRESENTERS AS WE GO THROUGHOUT THE DAY, PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT YOU'RE POSTING YOUR QUESTIONS IN THE Q&A SECTION, NOT THE CHAT, BECAUSE WE WILL SAVE TIME AT THE END FOR ME TO GO AND FEEL THROUGH THE QUESTIONS AND BRING THEM TO THE FLOOR AND ASK OUR PRESENTERS SO THAT WE CAN GET GREAT ANSWERS FOR YOU ALL.
THIS IS THE ONLY TRUE WAY FOR US TO MOVE FORWARD, FOR US TO UNDERSTAND, THE POWER OF ACADEMIA, BRINGING THIS TOGETHER TODAY, ONE IT IS GOING TO HELP US SHIFT THE NARRATIVE, STRENGTHEN THE CONVERSATION, LASTLY, THIS IS GOING TO CONTRIBUTE TO
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THE NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY AND THAT IS WHAT WE HAVE TO GET DOWN TO.AND LEADING US OFF IN CONVERSATION TODAY IN TERMS OF PRESENTATION, WILL BE DR. W MARVIN DELANEY.
CHIEF OPERATIONS OFFICER FOR THE DALLAS AFRICAN AMERICAN MUSEUM, HE WAS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF HISTORY, FORMER DIRECTOR OF THE CITY FOR CENTER OF AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDIES, FORMER CHAIR AT THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS ARLINGTON.
HE EARNED HIS BACHELOR OF ARTS DEGREE IN HISTORY, MASTER'S OF ARTS, DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREES IN AMERICAN AND AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY AT THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY.
AND HE IS A NATIVE OF ALLIANCE, OHIO.
WITHOUT FURTHER ADO, I AM GOING TO OPEN THE FLOOR THIS MORNING FOR A PRESENTATION BY DR. DELANEY.
THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE TODAY.
LET ME SEE IF I CAN SHARE MY SCREEN AND PULL UP MY POWERPOINT.
THAT DOESN'T LOOK LIKE IT'S GOING TO WORK.
WE'LL HAVE OUR ADMINISTRATORS LOOK FOR WILLIAM DELANEY.
I THINK THEY WERE LOOKING FOR MARVIN ON YOUR SCREEN.
WE WILL ALLOW YOU TO BECOME A CO HOST.
BUT WHILE WE'RE DOING THAT, WOULD YOU GIVE US A LITTLE BIT ABOUT, TELL US ABOUT YOURSELF, AND YOUR HISTORY IN DALLAS, AND YOUR WORK AT UTA, AND THE AFRICAN AMERICAN MUSEUM.
I HAVE BEEN TEACHING FOR 14 YEARS, I AM TEACHING AMERICAN AND AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY.
ONE OF THE THINGS I'VE DONE, LOOK AT THE HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DALLAS, THE EXPERIENCE OF AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE CITY OF DALLAS, I'VE BEEN HERE FOR 40 YEARS IN DALLAS FT.
AGAIN, BEING A RESEARCHER, A SCHOLAR, SOMEONE INTERESTED IN LOCAL HISTORY, I'VE SPENT A LOT OF TIME LOOKING AT THINGS SUCH AS HOUSING, POLICING, EDUCATION AND OF COURSE, POLITICS.
AND WHAT I FOUND IS THAT YOU KNOW, DALLAS HAS BEEN LIKE MOST OTHER AREAS, AFRICAN AMERICANS HAVE BEEN MARGINALIZED SECOND CLASS CITIZENS.
NOT SO MAJOR DIFFERENCES, DALLAS, NEW YORK CITY, CHICAGO.
MEXICAN AMERICANS, ALL WHO FACE HOUSING DISCRIMINATIONS, EDUCATION DISCRIMINATION, POLITICAL, SO ON.
DALLAS IS UNIQUE BECAUSE WHEN I FIRST CAME HERE IN 1981, THE NARRATIVE WAS THAT RACISM WASN'T A FACTOR HERE, THAT DALLAS WAS MORE OF A WESTERN CITY THAN A SOUTHERN CITY.
SO THEREFORE, THE NARRATIVE WAS DALLAS DIDN'T NEED A CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.
DALLAS WAS NOT LIKE ATLANTA AND OTHER SOUTHERN CITIES.
THERE WAS A BOOK IN 1987, CALLED ACCOMMODATION, BY A LOCAL JOURNALIST.
HE MADE THE WRONG PRESENTATION IN THE BOOK, HIS THESIS WAS AFRICAN AMERICAN LEADERSHIP IN DALLAS (INAUDIBLE) THERE WERE NO RIOTS.
THERE WAS NO STRUGGLE, PER SE IN THE CITY OF DALLAS, IN BIRMINGHAM AND ATLANTA, OTHER PARTS OF THE SOUTH.
ALL OF THAT WAS A FALSE NARRATIVE.
WHAT I FOUND, BY DOING MY OWN RESEARCH, DALLAS WAS ACTUALLY IMPORTANT (INAUDIBLE) NOT ONLY IN THE STATE OF TEXAS, BUT THROUGHOUT THE SOUTH.
DR. DELANEY, FYI, YOU SHOULD HAVE HOSTING CAPABILITIES.
SO IF YOU WANT TO SHARE, YOU CAN DO THAT.
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THANK YOU, YOU HAVE 15 MINUTES.YOU CAN SEE THE SCREEN, IT SHOWS A COUPLE OF THE POINTS I JUST MADE, ABOUT THE MYTHS HERE IN THE CITY OF DALLAS.
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, NO RIOTS AND SO ON.
BUT THE REALITY WAS, AS YOU SEE HERE, DALLAS WAS AS SEGREGATED AS ANY CITY IN THE OLD SOUTH.
YOU SEE THE AREAS IN WHICH THERE WAS SEGREGATION.
ALMOST EVERY ASPECT OF PUBLIC LIFE MOVING FORWARD, IN TERMS OF WHERE AFRICAN AMERICANS SETTLED.
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF AFRICAN AMERICANS IN DALLAS, IN THEIR NEIGHBORHOODS IN 1940 AND 1970.
WE SEE THIS SPECIFIC AFRICAN AMERICAN NEIGHBORHOODS THAT EXISTED IN DALLAS IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY, TO A CERTAIN EXTENT TODAY.
DALLAS WAS A HOT BED FOR THE KLU KLUX KLAN.
SUCH A SIGN AS NO DOGS, NO NEGROS, NO MEXICANS, THIS IS 1942.
SO YOU SEE, THERE IS JUST THIS LONG TRADITION OF SEGREGATION.
ONE OF THE MAJOR AREAS OF SEGREGATION WAS THAT ALL OF THESE METHODS WERE USED TO DISENFRANCHISE AFRICAN AMERICAN VOTERS.
INDEED, WE SEE TODAY THIS ATTEMPT TO DISENFRANCHISE AFRICAN AMERICAN VOTERS.
THIS IS THE 1905 LAW THAT EXCLUDED AFRICAN AMERICANS.
THE AREA OF IMPORTANCE WAS EDUCATION.
1930S, AFRICAN AMERICANS HAD OUTGROWN BOOKER T.WASHINGTON HIGH SCHOOL.
THESE TWO MEN BEGAN A MOVEMENT IN THE 1930S TO CHANGE THAT.
THEY FORMED A PROGRESSIVE VOTERS LEAGUE, I'LL SHARE THAT SHORTLY.
ALSO THIS IDEA THAT AFRICAN AMERICANS HAD TO ENGAGE IN CITIZENSHIP, CIVIC ACTIVITIES.
ONE OF THE THINGS YOU SEE, AFRICAN AMERICANS MUST REGISTER TO VOTE.
IN 1935, UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS TO RUN FOR STATE LEGISLATURE.
SARA HUGHES, YOU SEE WAS A STATE LEGISLATOR IN 1935.
THIS OPENED UP THE SEAT FOR OTHER AFRICAN AMERICANS TO ACTUALLY RUN FOR THAT OFFICE.
SO MUCH SO THAT IT UPSET THE LOCAL KLU KLUX KLAN.
IT WAS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT GOT AFRICAN AMERICANS ENGAGED IN POLITICS.
YOU SEE A POINT WHERE NEGRO POLICE.
THEY INDEED GOT SOME OF THE THINGS THEY NEEDED.
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THEY GOT A NEW HIGH SCHOOL.THEY GOT A NEW HOUSING PROJECT.
SMITH VERSUS ALLWRIGHT PHRASE.
THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY DISCRIMINATED AGAINST AFRICAN AMERICANS.
AFRICAN AMERICANS FILED LAWSUITS, THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY WAS THE ONLY GAME IN TIME.
SO IF YOU WON THE PRIMARY, YOU WERE PRETTY SURE THAT YOU WON THE GENERAL ELECTION IN NOVEMBER.
IN THIS CASE, LOCAL ATTORNEY NAMED WJ DURHAM FILED A LAWSUIT AND WON THE CASE OF SMITH VERSUS ALLWRIGHT.
IT HAD A STRONG REGIONAL EFFECT, IN THAT THE WHITE PRIMARY BEING DEFEATED IN TEXAS, THEN FELL IN GEORGIA, THEN FELL IN SOUTH CAROLINA, THEN FELL OFF IN FLORIDA.
SO THIS CASE, WHICH MANY PEOPLE DON'T KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT, ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT CASES IN THE SOUTH, IN THE 1940S.
AGAIN, THIS IS AN ARTICLE THAT TALKS ABOUT HOW THIS DECISION WAS JUST VERY IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF IMPROVEMENT AND BUILDING IN THE SOUTH.
ONE OF THE ISSUES THAT LITERALLY AFFECTED AFRICAN AMERICANS WAS HOUSING.
THE HIGH SCHOOL OPENED IN 1939.
ENCOURAGED AFRICAN AMERICANS TO MOVE CLOSER TO SOUTH DALLAS.
VIOLATING THIS IMAGINARY RACIAL LINE THAT SEPARATED THE AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY.
(AUDIO CUT OUT) THIS ISSUE CONTINUED INTO THE 1950S.
SO THERE IS ANOTHER SERIES OF BOMBING OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HOMES IN 1951 IN SOUTH DALLAS.
FINALLY, THE CITY COUNCIL AND BUSINESSMEN BUILT A HOUSING PROJECT IN NORTH DALLAS.
AS YOU SEE, THEY CELEBRATED THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF (INAUDIBLE) IN 2003.
MATT, I RELEASE THE STOP SHARING.
I HAVE NOTED A NUMBER OF QUESTIONS FOR YOU THAT I WILL IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS FOR DR. DELANEY, PLEASE MAKE SURE YOU'RE PUTTING THEM IN THE Q&A FORUM.
BUT I HAVE A NUMBER OF QUESTIONS AS WELL THAT I'M HOLDING OFF FOR.
I THINK IT HELPED TO SHAPE THE FRAMEWORK OF OUR CONVERSATION TODAY AND THE CONVERSATIONS THAT WE NEED TO HAVE AROUND WHY EQUITY AND INCLUSION IS IMPORTANT, BUT WHY UNDERSTANDING THE HISTORY OF THE PAST IS IMPORTANT, IN ORDER TO GET THE JUSTICE SO THAT WE CAN MOVE FORWARD WITH DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND INCLUSION, I WANT TO THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME SO FAR THIS MORNING.
I'M GOING TO ASK YOU TO PUT A PIN IN THAT AND DON'T GET TOO COMFORTABLE BECAUSE WE WILL COME BACK TO YOU TOWARDS THE END OF OUR SESSION TODAY.
NEXT, WE HAVE DR. ROBERTO CALDARON IS GOING TO BE NEXT ON OUR PANEL THIS MORNING.
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IF I CAN ASK OUR TECH SUPPORT TEAM TO MAKE SURE THAT DR. CALDERON HAS CO HOST ACCESS.ROBERTO CALDERON IS AN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF HISTORY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS.
HIS MOST RECENT BOOK WAS EMMANUEL GARCIA, FUNDING FROM A NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES YOUTH GRANT.
IN 1978, HE CO EDITED A VOLUME OF CHICANA AND LATINO POETRY.
FIRST PUBLISHED IN BROWN'S UNIVERSITY'S HISTORY.
HIS CURRENT WORK IS COMPLETING A HISTORY POLITICS, 1845 1911, SECOND PROJECT ANTHOLOGY, MEXICAN AMERICANS IN NORTH TEXAS.
FOUNDING DIRECTOR AND FACULTY ADVISOR FOR THE MEXICAN AMERICAN STUDIES ACADEMIC MINOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS.
ALSO THE EDITOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS PRESS OF MEXICAN AMERICAN STUDY SERIES.
DOCTOR, I'M GOING TO TURN IT OVER TO YOU FOR YOUR TIME THIS MORNING.
AGAIN, TO OUR AUDIENCE WITH US TODAY, PLEASE BE SURE IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS FOR DR. CALDERON, MAKE SURE YOU'RE INCLUDING THOSE IN THE Q&A BOX AS WELL.
I WILL READ MY PRESENTATION AND TRY AND HOPEFULLY GET IT ALL IN.
I WISH TO THANK THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR INVITING ME TO PRESENT THESE BRIEF REMARKS TODAY AT THIS VIRTUAL SEMINAR AND ESPECIALLY MY COLLEAGUES, MATTHEW HOUSTON, FOR REACHING OUT AND MAKING THIS HAPPEN.
WE GATHER IN A YEAR, IN A POLICE SEASON NATIONALLY AND STATEWIDE IN WHICH SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AND POLICIES IMPINGING ON THE HISTORY BEHOOVE US TO STAND UP AND MAKE OUR VOICES HEARD.
PEOPLE WHO HAVE LOST THEIR FEAR FOR FIGHTING FOR JUSTICE CANNOT GO BACK TO THE WAY THINGS WERE.
THIS MUCH WAS SAID IN AN IMPORTANT SPEECH BY CEASAR CHAVEZ, HE STATED THESE TRENDS ARE PART OF THE FORCES OF HISTORY THAT CANNOT BE STOPPED.
NO PERSON OR ORGANIZATION CAN RESIST THEM FOR VERY LONG.
ONCE SOCIAL CHANGE BEGINS, IT CANNOT BE REVERSED.
YOU CANNOT UNEDUCATE THE PERSON WHO HAS LEARNED TO READ.
YOU CAN NOT HUMILIATE THE PERSON WHO FEELS PROUD.
INDEED, HISTORIANS BELIEVE IN THE CLARIFYING POWER OF TRENDS AND THE LIVES OF ORDINARY PEOPLE, WE ARE HERE TO DISCUSS A FEW OF THESE TRENDS IN THE CONTEXT OF DALLAS'S PAST AND THEREIN THE HISTORY OF MEXICAN PEOPLES.
IT IS OUR HOPE THAT THESE BRIEF REMARKS BRING A CLEARER PICTURE OF WHO WE ARE AND INSPIRE AND EDUCATE OTHERS TO STAND UP AND BE HEARD WHEN IT MATTERS MOST.
WE ARE AFTER ALL, NORTH TEXAS STRONG.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO RECALL THAT THE WORD MEXICO AND MEXICAN ARE ROOTED IN
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INDIGENOUS REALITY.MEXICANS REGARDLESS OF THEIR PRESENT RESIDENT STATUS IN THE U.S.
ARE GROUNDED IN THEIR INDIGENOUS PAST AND THIS IS NOT SOMETHING THAT MAY BE LOST EVEN WHEN FORCES OF A CULTURAL AND A SIMULATION WOULD HAVE US BELIEVE OTHERWISE.
THIS PART OF OUR PAST CANNOT BE DENIED.
AS MY COLLEAGUES WHO WERE MY ELDERS IN THE CHICANO MOVEMENT MIGHT HAVE SAID ON MORE THAN ONE OCCASION, I AM NOT AN IMMIGRANT.
WHO DEFINES WHO IS AND WHO IS NOT AN IMMIGRANT, THOUGH MEXICANS, THEY ARE ULTIMATELY PEOPLES WHO ARE OF THIS HEMISPHERE, WE BELONG HERE.
THIS LAND MAY OR MAY NOT BE LEGALLY OURS TODAY.
BUT IT CALLS OUR NAME AND CARRIES THE SPIRIT MEMORY OF THE ANCESTORS, THE POINT BEARS REMEMBERING.
THE MID 19TH EARLY AND LET'S SEE.
THE MID 19TH CENTURY EARLY AND MID 19TH CENTURY, 1835, 1836, 1846, 1848 WARS BETWEEN MEXICO AND THE U.S.
LED EVENTUALLY TO THE COMBINED LOSS FOR MEXICO OF MORE THAN HALF OF THE TERRITORY IT CLAIMED.
THIS WAS TERRITORY THAT GAVE THE U.S.
ITS OCEAN TO OCEAN CONTINENT WIDE GRIP ON THE LAND AND ITS RESOURCES, BY THE CONCLUSION OF THE SECOND WAR, IN 1848, THROUGH THE SIGNING OF THE TREATY, THERE WAS APPROXIMATELY 100,000 MEXICANS REMAINING WHAT USED TO BE MEXICO'S FAR NORTH AND EVENTUALLY RENAMED THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST, WERE GRANTED NOMINAL CITIZENSHIP UNDER ONE OF THE TREATY'S CLAUSES.
WHILE THEY PRESUMABLY COULD HOLD ON TO THEIR LANDS, CHANGE IN LEGAL SYSTEMS, FRAUD, POLITICAL CHICANERY, VIOLENCE, MARKET FORCES, LED IN THE 50 YEAR PERIOD TO THE LOSS OF MILLIONS OF ACRES OF LAND.
BY BOTH LARGE AND SMALL MEXICAN LANDOWNERS FROM CALIFORNIA.
BY THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY, THE MEXICAN COMMUNITY WAS A THOROUGHLY PREDOMINANTLY LANDLESS ETHNIC NATIONAL MINORITY COMMUNITY.
POLITICAL REPRESENTATION WAS SEVERELY REDUCED WITH NEW MEXICO, WHICH HAD THE MOST NUMEROUS MEXICAN POPULATION IN THIS ERA, MANAGING TO STAND ITS GROUND BY CONTINUOUSLY ELECTING THEIR ETHNIC REPRESENTATIVES TO THE TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENT.
A DEMOGRAPHIC MAJORITY OF MEXICANS IN THE TERRITORY HELPED SIGNIFICANTLY AS DID A LONG TRADITION SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS LONG OF LAND OWNING.
AT LEAST THOSE WHO COULD AFFORD THE COST IN ORDER TO FORGE SOME KIND OF SURVIVAL STRATEGY, GIVEN A PRONOUNCED AND GROWING, MEXICANOS CONTINUED TO BE A DEMOGRAPHIC MAJORITY IN THE EARLY YEARS OF 1920S AND TODAY ARE AGAIN ON THE CUSP OF GAINING SAID NUMERICAL MAJORITY.
STATEHOOD WAS ACHIEVED IN 1912.
BUT THE MEXICANO EXPERIENCE BUCKED THE TREND OF HEIGHTENED POLITICAL UNDER REPRESENTATION.
IN TEXAS, CALIFORNIA, FOR THE MOST PART, POLITICAL REPRESENTATION FOR THE ETHNIC MEXICANS DWINDLED, BY THE 1870 IN CALIFORNIA, EARLIER IF NOT IN TEXAS, STATE REPRESENTATION WAS GENERALLY LOST WITH ONE OR TWO EXCEPTIONS HERE AND THERE AND ABLE TO CANCEL THE TRENDS.
BUT IT'S IMPORTANT TO BEAR IN MIND THAT TODAY THERE ARE AN ESTIMATED 40 MILLION
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ETHNIC MEXICANS IN THE U.S.. UNTOLD HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF THESE ETHNIC MEXICANS ARE DESCENDED FROM MEXICANS WHO HAVE RESIDED IN WHAT IS NOW THE U.S.FOR HUNDREDS OF YEARS, TEN GENERATIONS AND MORE.
THEY CONSTITUTE A CHARTER COMMUNITY.
AT THE SAME TIME, UNTOLD MILLIONS ARE MORE RECENTLY SETTLED AND ARRIVED FROM MEXICO.
BY COMPARISON, IN 2019, AN INCREASINGLY DIVERSE U.S.
BLACK POPULATION NUMBER 47 MILLION.
LATINO POPULATION IN 2020 WAS MORE THAN 62 MILLION.
TOGETHER, THESE TWO COMMUNITIES CURRENTLY COMPRISE ONE THIRD OF THE U.S.
CAN WE HAVE TABLE ONE, PLEASE.
TABLE ONE ILLUSTRATES BOTH HIGH AND LOW NUMBERS OF THE MEXICAN POPULATION AT THE FIRST U.S.
CENSUS OF THIS ETHNIC COMMUNITY AT THE FIRST U.S.
MOST HISTORIANS SINCE HAVE TAKEN THE MIDDLE GROUND, WITH RESPECT TO THE NUMBERS PRESENTED BY JAY MARTINEZ IN THE LATE 1970S, HIS NUMBERS, THOUGH, HAVE WITHSTOOD THE TEST OF TIME.
FOR EXAMPLE, THE PEW RESEARCH CENTER NOTES U.S.
MEXICAN COMMUNITY STOOD AT 155,000 IN 1860 AT THE START OF THE CIVIL WAR.
IN CONTRAST, NEARLY FOUR MILLION AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE U.S.
WITH ABOUT 90 PERCENT OF THEM LIVING IN THE U.S.
SOUTH AND TEN PERCENT IN THE NORTH.
BLACKS AND MEXICANS SHARED ANOTHER HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE IN THE U.S.
BY 1900, AS THIS TABLE'S NUMBERS CLEARLY ILLUSTRATE.
BOTH COMMUNITIES WERE GEOGRAPHICALLY CONCENTRATED, ONE IN THE SOUTH, THE OTHER IN THE U.S.
IN EFFECT, THIS WAS THE HISTORICAL HOMELAND FOR THE MEXICANS.
THE MEXICAN FOREIGN NORTH, AS IT USED TO BE CALLED.
SIMILARLY, BLACKS, BECAUSE OF SLAVERY AS AN INSTITUTION RESIDED PREDOMINANTLY IN THE SOUTH AS LATE AS 1900.
GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION THEN CHARACTERIZED BOTH GROUPS OF AMERICANS AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY.
TABLE TWO ILLUSTRATES SIGNIFICANTLY THAT MEXICANS HAVE HISTORICALLY ALWAYS COMPRISED MORE THAN 60 PERCENT OVERALL OF THE U.S.
ONLY IN TWO INSTANCES, ONCE IN 1980 AND THEN AGAIN IN 2000 DID THE PERCENT OF THE OVERALL U.S.
LATINO COMMUNITY FALL UNDER THE 60 PERCENT THRESHOLD.
IN 1960, MEXICANS COMPRISED MORE THAN 81 PERCENT OF THE OVERALL U.S.
THE HIGH POINT IN THIS REGARD, FROM 1850 THROUGH 1960, THE PERCENTAGE OF THE LATINO COMMUNITY COMPRISED BY MEXICANS DID NOT DROP UNDER 70 PERCENT IN ROUND FIGURES.
A PERIOD OF 110 YEARS REPRESENTING WELL OVER THREE GENERATIONS.
THE OTHER TREND OF COURSE, IS THAT SINCE 1970, THE PERCENTAGE OF NON MEXICAN LATINOS IN THE U.S.
MEXICANS SHARE A LENGTHY LAND BRIDGE WITH A HISTORICAL COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, PAST AND PRESENT, FOR BETTER OR WORSE, NO OTHER LATINO COMMUNITY IS ABLE TO MAKE THIS CLAIM.
AND THEN I'LL TELL YOU WHEN WE GO TO FOUR AND FIVE.
IT'S A SERIES OF THREE TABLES.
TABLE THREE, FOUR AND FIVE CONSTITUTE A SERIES ON THE HISTORY OF LYNCHING OF MEXICANS BY WHITES IN THE U.S.
IN THE 2003 ESSAY FROM WHICH THESE TABLES ARE BORROWED BY WILLIAM KERRIGAN, CLYDE WEBB, TWO WHITE HISTORIANS.
FIRST, MEXICANS WERE SUBJECTED TO EXTENSIVE AND CONTINUOUS VIOLENCE COMPARABLE TO THAT OF THE AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY THROUGHOUT THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY, IN THEIR RESPECTIVE GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS, SOUTHWEST AND SOUTHEAST, THEY MET WITH A SIMILAR HISTORY.
MOREOVER IN THE CASE OF THE U.S.
MEXICAN COMMUNITY, THIS HISTORY OF LYNCHING IS ONE THAT PRIOR TO THE PUBLICATION OF THIS ESSAY HAD BEEN OVERWHELMINGLY IGNORED BY THE RESPECTIVE HISTORIOGRAPHIES.
EXTEND IT'S TENDED TO FOCUS ON THE BLACK, PROPORTIONATE TO THE POPULATION, THE
[00:45:05]
LYNCHING WAS COMPARABLE.THEY WERE CONSERVATIVE IN MAKING THE ARGUMENT BY ENSURING THAT DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE WAS FOUND TO ACCOUNT FOR ALL 597 MEXICANS LYNCHED.
UNTOLD NUMBER OF MEXICANS WERE OTHERWISE, KILLED, MURDERED AND LYNCHED.
THESE HISTORIANS DID NOT COUNT SAID NUMBERS IN THEIR OWN ACCOUNT OF THE VIOLENT HISTORY.
THERE WERE SURELY A GREATER NUMBER OF MEXICANS LYNCHED THAN THE ONES THEY WERE ABLE TO PROVE BY THE EVIDENCE FOUND.
TABLE THREE CLEARLY INDICATES THAT THE LYNCHING VIOLENCE WAS GREATEST IN TEXAS AND CALIFORNIA, FOLLOWED BY ARIZONA, NEW MEXICO, COLORADO, AND NEVADA.
WE QUOTE, I'M GOING TO SKIP THE QUOTE BY THIS HISTORIAN SO THAT WE CAN MOVE ON TO TABLE FOUR.
TABLE FOUR SHOWS THE LYNCHING PATTERN MEXICANS WERE SUBJECTED TO BY DECADES.
AND IT IS CLEAR THAT THREE DECADES IN THIS 80 YEAR PERIOD STAND OUT.
IN ORDER OF THE GREATEST NUMBER OF LYNCHINGS, THE MOST TERRIFYING DECADES WERE THE 1850S FOLLOWED BY THE 1870S AND 1910S.
ALL THREE DECADES, MEXICAN RESISTANCE TO ANGLO VIOLENCE ELICITED A GREATER VIOLENCE TO BE DIRECTED AT QUELLING MEXICAN AGENCY.
TABLE FIVE COMPARES THE RATES AT WHICH MEXICANS AND BLACKS WERE LYNCHED BETWEEN 1880 AND 1930.
THE RATE FOR MEXICANS BASED ON THE METHOD USED, ESTABLISHED THAT 27.4 MEXICANS WERE LYNCHED PER 100,000 IN THEIR POPULATION.
COMPARABLY THE RAID FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE SAME PERIOD WAS 37.1 LYNCHINGS PER ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND IN THE POPULATION.
THE TWO HISTORIANS NOTE THAT THE MEXICAN RATE WAS HIGHER THAN THAT EXPERIENCED IN SEVERAL OF THE SOUTH STATES DURING THIS PERIOD.
TABLE SIX IS HELPFUL IN MAKING A COUPLE OF POINTS WORTH MENTIONING EVEN IF THE DATA DATES TO 2014.
FIRST, UNLIKE THE NATIONAL TREND CITED ABOVE, IN THE NORTH TEXAS, METROPOLITAN REGION, MEXICANS COMPRISE A HIGHER PERCENT OF THE OVERALL LATINO POPULATION.
THUS, IN 2014, THE METRO REGION HAD A MEXICAN POPULATION THAT STOOD AT MORE THAN 84 PERCENT OF THE WHOLE, FOLLOWED BY SMALLER SHARES OF SALVADORANS, 3.9 PERCENT.
CLEARLY WHILE WE DID NOT RESEARCH THE CURRENT ACTUAL NUMBER OF LATINOS IN THE NORTH TEXAS METRO REGION, 2021, WE DID, BUT YOU KNOW, CLEARLY THE NUMBER OF LATINOS IN NORTH TEXAS TODAY IS OVER TWO MILLION.
IN 2014, THERE WERE 1.6 MILLION LATINOS WHO WERE ETHNIC MEXICANS RESIDING IN THE NORTH TEXAS METRO AREA.
A TOTAL OF 38 PERCENT WERE FOREIGN BORN.
MEANING THAT NEARLY TWO THIRDS WERE U.S.
LATINOS COMPRISE MORE THAN 28 PERCENT OF THE REGION'S OVERALL POPULATION, A NUMBER ONE WOULD EXPECT TO BE GREATER IN THE FORTHCOMING 2020 CENSUS NUMBERS THAT ARE TO BE OUT IN THE NEXT FEW WEEKS OR MONTHS.
FINALLY, THIS IS THE YOUNGEST POPULATION COMPARED TO THAT OF EXISTING GROUPS AS MORE THAN 38 PERCENT WERE UNDER THE AGE OF 18.
THAT IS NEARLY FOUR OUT OF TEN IN THE COMMUNITY OF LATINOS.
THE POPULATION WHERE THE LARGEST NUMBER OF YOUTH UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE IN NORTH TEXAS IS COMPRISED BY LATINOS.
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TABLE SEVEN.THEY MAY NOT BE REWARDED POLITICALLY WITH ELECTORAL DISTRICTS MAKING THIS QUESTION ONE TO PURSUE LEGALLY IN THE COURTS AS IT ENDS UP BEING A QUESTION OF CIVIL RIGHTS.
THE SAME PATTERN OCCURRED TEN YEARS AGO IN TEXAS.
AFRICAN AMERICANS ADDED THE SECOND LARGEST NUMBER OF NEW RESIDENTS TO THE STATE'S POPULATION AS OF JULY 2019.
IT IS MOST LIKELY THAT LATINOS WILL BECOME THE PLURAL MAJORITY IN TEXAS ONCE THE RESULTS OF THE 2020 CENSUS ARE RELEASED AND CONFIRMED AS MUCH.
A COUPLE OF POINTS MENTIONING.
THE FIRST POINT IS THAT IN JULY OF 2019, THE POPULATION OF DALLAS, TEXAS WAS 42 PERCENT LATINO.
WITH AFRICAN AMERICANS COMPRISING NEARLY ONE QUARTER OF THE CITY'S POPULATION AS OF 2019, THE TWO GROUPS COMBINED ACCOUNT FOR TWO THIRDS OF THE CITY'S TOTAL RESIDENTS.
ASIAN FOR THE MOST PART DO NOT LIVE IN THE CITY BUT IN THE SURROUNDING SUBURBS.
AND THE CITY'S WHITE POPULATION HAS DECREASED OR CONTINUED TO DECREASE TO LESS THAN ONE THIRD OF THE TOTAL, STANDING AT 29 PERCENT.
THE SECOND POINT HAS TO DO WITH SOMETHING WE NOTICED IN THE DATA OF THE 2010 CENSUS FOR THE NORTH TEXAS METRO REGION'S TWO LARGEST CITIES, DALLAS AND FT.
WORTH, WHERE THE RESPECTIVE LATINO POPULATIONS ARE CONCERNED.
BOTH CITIES EXHIBITED A LATINO POPULATION GREATER THAN 90 PERCENT ETHNIC MEXICAN.
THE LATINO POPULATION OF BOTH CITIES IS ON A PATH TO BECOMING IN THE FUTURE A DEMOGRAPHIC MAJORITY AKIN TO EL PASO AND SAN ANTONIO, FOR EXAMPLE.
HOUSTON, WHOSE POPULATION IN 2019 ACCOUNTED FOR 45 PERCENT, WHOSE LATINO POPULATION IN 2019 ACCOUNTED FOR 45 PERCENT OF THE CITY'S TOTAL.
AUSTIN'S LATINO POPULATION STOOD AT 34 PERCENT IN 2019 OF THE TOTAL ARE ON A SIMILAR PATH AS WELL.
AT MOST, THIS TREND WILL RESULT IN ALL MAJOR CITIES IN THE STATE HOSTING A MAJORITY LATINO POPULATION.
SURELY MEXICANS WILL BE APTLY REPRESENTED.
HOPEFULLY WITH CONTINUED ORGANIZING, POLITICAL REPRESENTATION WILL FOLLOW SUIT.
I DON'T KNOW IF I HAVE ANY SPACE LEFT ON MY NOTEPAD, BUT THE NUMBERS ALONE, ESPECIALLY AROUND LYNCHING ARE EXTREMELY TELLING.
AND FOR ME IT WOULD ADD A DIFFERENT LENS ACROSS COMMUNITIES.
I CAN'T WAIT TO GET TO THE Q&A SIDE TO ASK SOME QUESTIONS.
I THANK YOU FOR THIS DETAILED PRESENTATION.
BECAUSE QUANTITATIVE DATA CANNOT BE DENIED.
I AM THANKFUL THAT YOU WERE ABLE TO PROVIDE THIS DEPTH FOR US TODAY.
>> AND WE ARE GOING TO MOVE FORWARD WITH OUR NEXT PRESENTATION FROM EMMA ROGERS.
EMMA ROGERS IS AN ENTREPRENEUR WHO IS BORN IN NIAGARA FALLS NEW YORK, SHE GRADUATED FROM TEXAS SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY HERE IN HOUSTON.
SHE CO FOUNDED A MAIL ORDER BUSINESS FOR BOOKS, WHICH EVENTUALLY BECAME THE RETAIL STORE BLACK IMAGES BOOK BAZAAR IN DALLAS.
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CRITICAL ACCLAIM TO NUMEROUS AUTHORS, JAY CALIFORNIA COOPER, EDWARD P JONES, EDWARD BALL.IN 1995, SHE FOUNDED ROMANCE SLAM JAM, AFRICAN AMERICAN BOOK GENRE CONFERENCE EVENT.
SHE WAS SELECTED AS A MEMBER OF THE UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY, CORRIDORS OF CULTURE TEAM.
SHE WAS AN ACTIVE PARTICIPANT IN HER COMMUNITY AND HAS BEEN INVOLVED WITH NUMEROUS ORGANIZATIONS.
SHE SERVED ON THE BOARD OF SEVERAL BOARDS AND SHE ALSO TEACHES CLASSES AT AN ANNUAL DAY CAMP.
SHE WAS THE DIRECTOR OF THE DALLAS CIVIL RIGHTS CENTER.
SHE SERVE ADVISORY BOARD MEMBER OF BLACK WRITERS ALLIANCE.
I'M GOING TO TURN IT OVER TO YOU, MS. ROGERS.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME AGAIN THIS MORNING.
THANK YOU, MS. O'NEIL FOR THAT INTRODUCTION.
I WANT TO BUILD UPON SOMETHING THAT DR. DELANEY MENTIONED EARLIER ABOUT THE ACCOMMODATION.
IT'S A BOOK WRITTEN BY JIM SCHULTZ.
HE WENT TO TAYLOR PUBLISHING COMPANY HERE IN DALLAS.
THEY SOLD THAT BUSINESS TO A NEWCOMER.
SO THEY WERE ABOUT TO PUBLISH JIM SCHULTZ'S ACCOMMODATION.
THE FULL TITLE IS ACCOMMODATION, THE POLITICS OF RACE IN AN AMERICAN CITY.
SO THE NEW OWNERS WERE THREATENED BY THE POWERS THAT BE.
AND THEY TOLD THEM IF YOU PUBLISH ACCOMMODATION, YOU WILL NEVER PUBLISH ANOTHER YEARBOOK.
AS A CONSEQUENCE, HE WAS ABLE TO FIND ANOTHER PUBLISHER.
THE BOOK CAME OUT IN FEBRUARY OF 1987.
I CAN REMEMBER BECAUSE I WAS PREGNANT.
ANYWAY, WE SOLD OVER LIKE 180 BOOKS AT THAT SIGNING.
BECAUSE EVERYBODY KNEW THAT THE POWERS THAT BE HAD THREATENED TO TAYLOR PUBLISHING COMPANY, SO EVERYBODY CAME OUT TO SUPPORT IT.
IT IS STILL A BOOK IN MUCH DEMAND.
SO IF YOU HAVE A CHANCE TO GET IT, YOU WILL LEARN A LOT ABOUT THE ACCOMMODATION.
IN ADDITION, I WANT TO BUILD UPON WHAT DR. DELANEY SAID.
HE SHOWED A SLIDE CAN Y'ALL GO TO THE SMITH SLIDE.
MAYBE MY SLIDES WILL COME UP LATER.
I AM NOT AS TECHNOLOGICALLY SAVVY AS SOME OTHER PEOPLE.
I CAN RECEIVE WHATEVER PICTURES, I CAN GOOGLE IT IF YOU NEED ME TO.
I HAVE YOUR PRESENTATION UP ALREADY.
I TELL YOU WHAT, ARE YOU ABLE TO CHANGE IT FROM ONE SLIDE TO ANOTHER?
I'M REALLY INVOLVED IN THE ARTS.
SO ONE THING I WANT TO SAY ABOUT THE BISHOP ARTS THEATER CENTER IS THAT IT HAS REALLY DONE WELL DURING COVID.
WE LAUNCHED A STORY TIME, BEDTIME SERIES TO HELP PARENTS COPE.
IT WAS MY IDEA, THE BOARD WENT ALONG WITH IT.
AS A CONSEQUENCE, I WAS I GOT A HERO'S AWARD FROM DEE MAGAZINE LAST YEAR FOR STARTING STORY TIME AT BEDTIME.
ONE THING I WANT TO SAY, BLACKS, INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, PEOPLE OF COLOR, MAKE UP 37 PERCENT OF THE U.S.
YET, THEY ONLY RECEIVED FOUR PERCENT OF FOUNDATION FUNDING.
SO IN THE WAKE OF IN THIS AGE OF DIVERSITY, INCLUSION AND EQUITY, IN THE WAKE OF THE GEORGE FLOYD MURDER, SOME FOUNDATIONS ARE COMING ON BOARD AND WE HAVE SOME GOOD NEWS TO SHARE LATER THAT SOME OF OUR DEBT, BUILDING DEBT WILL BE
[01:00:02]
RETIRED.BUT THE BISHOP THEATER, 215 SOUTH POWERS STREET.
CAN WE GO TO THE NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
HE WAS A PROFESSOR AT HARVARD LAW SCHOOL AND HE WAS A 10URED PROFESSOR AT HARVARD LAW SCHOOL.
BECAUSE THEY WOULD NOT TENURE PATRICIA WILLIAMS, HE LEFT.
HE WENT TO ANOTHER UNIVERSITY.
HE IS IN THIS BOOK CALLED SPACES AT THE BOTTOM OF THE WELL.
SPACE TRADERS IS ONE OF THE STORIES IN IT.
I WOULD SUGGEST THAT YOU GOOGLE IT AND LOOK FOR IT ONLINE.
THE OTHER THING IS THAT BELL IS PART OF A GROUP RESPONSIBLE FOR CRITICAL RACE THEORY, WHICH EXAMINES SOCIAL, CULTURAL, LEGAL ISSUES AS IT RELATES TO RACISM.
AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THAT, I AM INVOLVED WITH A GROUP JUST A MINUTE.
I AM INVOLVED WITH CONDUCTING SOME STUDIES ON RACISM, WHITE SUPREMACY AND RACISM.
STUDY GROUP THAT WE'VE LAUNCHED IN OUR CHURCH IN THE NORTH TEXAS, NORTHERN LOUISIANA, AND WE'RE DOING DERRICK BELL'S BOOK AND STUDYING CRITICAL RACE THEORY.
SO LET ME TELL YOU ABOUT WHEN DERRICK BELL CAME TO THE BOOKSTORE.
SIGNING WAS SUPPOSED TO BE AT SEVEN O'CLOCK.
AND THEY CAME BACK LATER ABOUT NINE.
AND ALL OF THE PEOPLE CAME BACK.
BECAUSE DERRICK BELL HAS BEEN SUCH A CHAMPION OF CRITICAL RACE THEORY.
SO THEY WERE THERE TO SEE HIM.
BUILDING ON WHAT DR. DELANEY TALKED ABOUT, THE STATE FAIR OF TEXAS.
MAY I HAVE THE NEXT SLIDE? TEXAS CENTENNIAL WAS IN 1936.
THERE WAS AN NEGRO HALL ESTATE, HE GOT FUNDING OUTSIDE OF THE WHITE ESTABLISHMENT FOR THAT BUILDING.
HE WAS ABLE TO GO TO THE GOVERNMENT AND GET IT.
BECAUSE THE STATE FAIR OF TEXAS WAS GETTING FUNDING FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
AND THE HALL ESTATE, IN THAT PARTICULAR BUILDING, THEY HAD ART, THEY HAD A LOT OF THINGS.
BUT ONE THING THEY HAD WAS WORK BY JACOB LAWRENCE.
BUT AFTER THE STATE FAIR ENDED, THE TEXAS CENTENNIAL COMMISSION CHOSE TO DEMOLISH THE HALL OF NEGRO LIFE IN 1937.
THE COMMUNITY TRIED TO RAISE FUNDS TO KEEP IT, BUT THEY DID NOT.
LAWRENCE IS A FAMOUS AFRICAN AMERICAN ARTIST.
ALONG WITH THE DEMOLITION, TWO WERE DESTROYED.
SO THERE IS A BOOK CALLED EDUCATIONAL TOUR THROUGH THE HALL OF NEGRO LIFE THAT YOU CAN SEE.
BUT THE AFRICAN AMERICAN MUSEUM, IN FAIR PARK, WHICH DR. DELANEY IS THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR, I THINK I GOT YOUR TITLE RIGHT, SITS ON THAT PROPERTY WHERE THE NEGRO LIFE MUSEUM WAS.
AND THEN MATT, COULD YOU GO TO THE SLIDES WITH MS. CRAFT, JUANITA CRAFT.
MS. JUANITA CRAFT WAS VERY INFLUENTIAL, BECAUSE WHEN THE STATE FAIR OF TEXAS WAS HELD, BLACKS COULD ONLY GO TO THE STATE FAIR, OH, NO.
THEY COULD ONLY GO OUT THERE ON NEGRO DAY.
FAIR RUNS FOR TWO TO THREE WEEKS.
BLACKS COULD ONLY GO OUT THERE ON NEGRO DAY.
[01:05:01]
MS. CRAFT WAS A MEMBER OF THE NAACP, AND LATER BECAME A MEMBER OF THE DALLAS CITY COUNCIL, SHE NURTURED HER STUDENTS, WHO WERE IN THE NAACP, THEY PROTESTED THE FAIR.SOME OF THOSE CHILDREN ARE ADULTS AND THEY ARE POLITICAL CONSULTANTS.
I HAVE SEEN THEM AT MONDAY NIGHT POLITICS AT THE AFRICAN AMERICAN MUSEUM.
ONE TOLD ME, HE SAID MS. CRAFT NURTURED US, THE THINGS THAT YOU NEED TO DO, HOW YOU NEED TO WRITE YOUR COUNCIL PEOPLE.
HOW TO ATTEND COUNCIL MEETINGS AND WHAT HAVE YOU.
MS. CRAFT GROOMED SOME OF OUR POLITICAL CONSULTANTS FOR LEADERSHIP TODAY.
JUNETEENTH, WHICH WE HOPE WILL BECOME A NATIONAL HOLIDAY, THANKS TO THE WORK OF THE LADY IN FT.
I CAN'T REMEMBER HER NAME RIGHT NOW.
MY BROTHER IN LAW WOULD GO DOWN THERE EVERY YEAR FOR THAT OBSERVANCE.
BUT THERE WAS A TRAGEDY THERE WHERE SOME YOUNG AFRICAN AMERICANS WERE IN A CANOE AND THE POLICE GOT THEM AND ARRESTED THEM, PUT THEM IN THE CANOE AND THEY DROWNED.
SO IT KIND OF DIED DOWN AFTER THAT.
BUT JUNETEENTH HERE IN DALLAS IS CELEBRATED AT A NUMBER OF PLACES.
THEY'RE IN DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES, AT WHICH TIME WE GET TOGETHER AND ABRAHAM LINCOLN SIGNED THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION TO BE EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 1863.
THOSE ENSLAVED IN TEXAS WERE NOT TOLD ABOUT THEIR FREEDOM.
THAT IS BECAUSE THE PLANTATION OWNERS WANTED TO KEEP THEM DOING MORE CROPS, COTTON CROP, BRINGING IN WHATEVER CROPS THEY HAD.
FINALLY, GENERAL GRANGER READ ORDER NUMBER THREE.
MATT, SEE IF YOU CAN FIND THAT.
THAT IS AT THE HALL ESTATE IN FAIR PARK.
HE READ IT IN GALVESTON AT ASHTON VILLA.
THE REASON WHY HE READ IT FROM THERE IS ASHTON VILLA HAS THE HEADQUARTERS FOR THE CONFEDERACY IN TEXAS.
THERE WERE 11 STATES THAT WERE PART OF THE CONFEDERACY AND TEXAS WAS ONE OF THOSE.
JUNE 19TH IS CELEBRATED THROUGHOUT THE NATION, IN TEXAS, IT IS A LEGAL HOLIDAY.
GOVERNOR CLEMONS MADE IT A LEGAL HOLIDAY.
HE REAN ACTED THE GAS CHAMBER.
IT IS A LEGAL HOLIDAY IN TEXAS.
ALL OVER THE COUNTRY PEOPLE OBSERVE JUNETEENTH EITHER AS A COMMENORATION LIKE FLAG DAY OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT.
STILL, THE PEOPLE THERE DO SOMETHING IN THOSE COMMUNITIES.
WE CAN HAVE ANOTHER SLIDE NOW.
AT THE PEOPLES BAPTIST CHURCH IN SOUTH DALLAS.
DR. KING'S VISIT TO DALLAS WAS AT THE PEOPLES BAPTIST CHURCH, WHICH IS IN PEOPLES VISIONARY CHURCH, SOUTH DALLAS.
RUMOR HAS IT THERE WAS TENSION ABOUT HIM COMING HERE.
BUT OF COURSE, YOU SEE THE AUDIENCE.
AND I WON'T TALK ABOUT THE RUMOR.
ANOTHER TIME THAT DR. KING CAME HERE WAS ON MARCH 17TH, 1966.
DALLAS CIVIL RIGHTS MUSEUM, HOUSED AT THE MARTIN LUTHER KING COMMUNITY CENTER.
I ALWAYS LIKE TO DO SOMETHING ON HIS ACTUAL BIRTHDAY.
THE THIRD MONDAY IN JANUARY, IS THE OFFICIAL HOLIDAY.
BUT I ALWAYS LIKE TO DO SOMETHING ON HIS ACTUAL BIRTHDAY.
SO THAT PARTICULAR YEAR, 2016, THE STUDENTS FROM SMU CAME OVER AND PRESENTED US A PICTURE WITH DR. KING.
IT'S ONLY ONE PICTURE THAT THEY HAVE OF DR. KING AT THE PODIUM SPEAKING.
THAT WOULD NEVER HAPPEN TODAY.
[01:10:02]
THE STUDENT BODY GOVERNMENT, THE PRESIDENT OF THE STUDENT BODY DIED JUST BEFORE WE HAD THIS EVENT.AND THEN THE PERSON WHO PICKED UP DR. KING FROM THE AIRPORT BACK IN 1966 ALSO CAME.
SO THIS WAS, AND THEN THE STUDENT GOVERNMENT LEADERS CAME.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE STUDENT GOVERNMENT, OVERALL SMU GOVERNMENT AND THEN THE PRESIDENT OF THE BLACK STUDENT BODY CAME.
DR. KING HAS BEEN HERE A FEW TIMES.
MAY I HAVE MY NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
THESE ARE PEOPLE PROTESTING AT THE STATE FAIR, I BELIEVE.
BECAUSE AS I SAID, THEY COULD ONLY GO OUT THERE ON NEGRO DAY.
AND SO ALSO WITH JUNETEENTH, THERE WAS ANOTHER TIME THEY COULD GO OUT.
THEY COULD GO OUT TO FAIR PARK AND IT WAS ONLY ON JUNETEENTH.
THAT WAS FINALLY STOPPED IN THE '50S.
SO THE DALLAS CIVIL RIGHTS MUSEUM.
WE'RE HOUSED AT THE MARTIN LUTHER KING COMMUNITY CENTER IN SOUTH DALLAS.
THE PICTURE WHEN WE LOOK AT IT, THE FOUR OF US, THE TALLEST ONE IN THE PICTURE, IN THE WHITE SHIRT, IS THE FOUNDER OF REMEMBERING BLACK DALLAS.
WE USED TO HAVE BLACK DALLAS REMEMBERED AND WE USED TO MEET AT THE JUANITA CRAFT HOUSE.
SOMEONE EARLIER MENTIONED LYNCHINGS.
AND ALAN BROOKS WAS HUNG IN DALLAS.
GEORGE HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL IN MAKING SURE THAT WE OBSERVE HIS TRAGIC DEATH EVERY YEAR.
THIS WEEKEND, IN FACT, SATURDAY, WE LEAVE FOR TULSA, TO GO THERE FOR THE OBSERVANCE OF THE MASSACRE IN 1921.
HE ALSO CONDUCTS TOURS, ALL OVER DALLAS.
AND OTHER COMMUNITIES THAT YOU MAY NOT KNOW ABOUT.
THIS IS A GOOD WAY TO KNOW ABOUT DALLAS AND SEE THE COMMUNITY, THRIVING AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY.
SO NEXT TO IT WHERE YOU SEE SOMEBODY IN A RED BLOUSE, THAT IS A CHILDREN'S, GROUP THAT CAME TO VISIT.
WE HAVE SCHOOL VISITS FROM HOME SCHOOLERS, ONE LADY JUST GOOGLED HOME SCHOOLERS, AND MAYBE 50 OF THEM CAME.
WE HAVE CHILDREN WHO COME FROM DENTON.
THEN DOWN THERE, WHERE YOU SEE TEAL, WHICH IS MY FAVORITE COLOR, SLIM THUG, A RAPPER FROM HOUSTON.
AND I THINK HE HAS COLLABORATED WITH BEYONCE ON SOMETHING.
ONE DAY HE WAS AT THE CENTER GIVING AWAY TENNIS SHOES.
I SAID I CAN'T LET THIS MAN BE HERE AND NOT SEE THE MUSEUM.
I TOOK HIM ON A TOUR OF THE MUSEUM.
WE SAY THAT OUR MUSEUM, DRESS REHEARSAL FOR GOING TO THE NATIONAL AFRICAN AMERICAN MUSEUM IN D.C.. BECAUSE WE COVER A LOT OF SIGNIFICANT CIVIL RIGHTS EVENTS.
FOR EXAMPLE, WE KNOW ABOUT MRS. PARKS BEING SITTING DOWN, REFUSING TO GIVE UP HER SEAT IN MONTGOMERY ALABAMA.
BUT SHE WAS A SECRETARY OF THE NAACP THERE IN MONTGOMERY.
ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR GOING TO INVESTIGATE WOMEN WHO HAD BEEN RAPED OR ACCOSTED OR WHATEVER, SHE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THAT.
IN ONE CASE SHE DID GO INVESTIGATE WAS THAT OF RECI TAYLOR.
MS. TAYLOR WAS RAPED BY SEVEN WHITE MEN IN ALABAMA.
NOW, OPRAH WINFREY RECEIVED THE AWARD ONE YEAR AND SHE TALKED ABOUT RECI TAYLOR.
THERE IS A DOCUMENTARY ABOUT HER.
BUT I WAS JUST HIGHLIGHTING SOME OF THE SIGNIFICANT THINGS.
ON THIS PANEL, WE ALSO HAVE A MAP OF VOTING.
FOR EXAMPLE, IN 1940S, LOOKING AT THE CENSUS, IN THE 1940S, PERHAPS, I THINK, I'M GOING BY MEMORY.
5.3 PERCENT OF THE PEOPLE, BLACKS WERE REGISTERED IN TEXAS.
THE REASON WHY THE MISSISSIPPI SUMMER PROJECT WAS IN MISSISSIPPI, BECAUSE
[01:15:06]
ONLY.4 PERCENT OF BLACKS WERE REGISTERED IN MISSISSIPPI.THEN THERE IS THE ICONIC STATUE OF DR. KING.
WELL, IT SITTING BETWEEN THE MARTIN LUTHER KING BUILDING A AND THE LIBRARY.
WE LIKE FOR OUR GROUP TO TAKE A PICTURE THERE BEFORE WE LEAVE.
WE'VE BEEN CREATIVE WITH THE SPACE.
WE START OUT IN THIS ROOM WHERE YOU SEE GEORGE, THE FOUR OF US.
AND THEN WE GOT CREATIVE AND WE GO DOWN THE CORRIDOR.
AND THEN WE'VE GOTTEN CREATIVE AND THE CENTER MANAGER, MRS. PAMELA JONES, HAS ALLOWED US TO PUT INFORMATION IN THE LOBBY AS WELL.
SO YOU CAN CONTACT ME IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO HAVE A TOUR OF THE MUSEUM.
OUR GOVERNOR HAS SPOKEN ABOUT THIS, THE AUTHOR OF THE 1619 PROJECT, NICOLE JONES.
EVERYBODY WAS SCRAMBLING AROUND TO FIND A NEW YORK TIMES, BECAUSE THEY HAD A SUPPLEMENT IN IT, ALL ABOUT THE 1619 PROJECT.
SOME SCHOOLS, INCLUDING TEXAS, SOME PARENTS DON'T WANT THIS INTRODUCED INTO THE SCHOOL SYSTEM.
THEY DON'T WANT CRITICAL THEORY INTRODUCED INTO THE SCHOOL SYSTEM.
THEY DON'T WANT THE WHITE CHILDREN TO LEARN ABOUT CAN'T SAY WHAT THEY DON'T WANT.
MY SUPPOSITION IS THAT THEY DON'T WANT THEIR CHILDREN TO LEARN THE TRUTH.
I WOULD LIKE FOR YOU TO GOOGLE THAT.
IN ADDITION, I WOULD LIKE FOR YOU TO READ THE BOOK "CAST", BY ISABELLA WILKERSON.
THEY GAVE HER AN HONORARY DEGREE IN I THINK 2014.
IN FEBRUARY OF THIS YEAR, ST. PHILLIPS SCHOOL HAD HER THERE FOR THEIR SIGNATURE FUNDRAISER LECTURE.
I DO NOT WANT TO >> CAN I LEAVE YOU WITH A QUOTE.
HERE IS THE QUOTE I WOULD LIKE FOR YOU, I WANT TO LEAVE YOU WITH, HE GAVE THIS QUOTE AT A MEETING IN THE END, WE WILL CONSERVE ONLY WHAT WE LOVE.
UNDERSTAND ONLY WHAT WE ARE TAUGHT.
THAT IS WHAT WE'RE DOING HERE TODAY.
>> I DIDN'T WANT TO TURN MY CAMERA ON BECAUSE I HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO TRAVEL OVER THE PAST YEAR AND YOU ALL ARE GIVING ME EVERYTHING THAT I'VE MISSED FROM TRAVELLING AND JUST RESEARCHING HISTORY.
SO WE WILL DEFINITELY COME BACK TO YOU.
BECAUSE I THINK A QUESTION POPPED UP FOR YOU AS WELL IN THE CHAT.
SO WITH THAT, WE ARE GOING TO MOVE TO OUR LAST AND FINAL PRESENTER, RENEE MARTINEZ, FOR OUR LAST PRESENTATION AND THEN AFTER THAT, WE WILL OPEN IT UP FOR Q&A.
RENEE MARTINEZ, PUBLIC EDUCATION COMMUNITY FOR THE PAST 47, AS A COMMUNITY ADVOCATE IN EDUCATION.
ORIGINAL COMMITTEE CHAIR, MR. MARTINEZ WAS APPOINTED BY DISTRICT JUDGE WILLIAM TAYLOR TO ASSIST WITH IMPLEMENTING THE 1971 SCHOOL DESEGREGATION COURT ORDER.
SERVED AS THE CO CHAIR OF THE DALLAS ALLIANCE EDUCATION TASK FORCE.
MR. MARTINEZ CO AUTHORED THE 1976 SCHOOL DESEGREGATION COURT ORDER, ON BEHALF OF DALLAS INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT.
CURRENTLY, HE IS AN ADJUNCT PROFESSOR AT DALLAS COLLEGE, TRAINING TEACHER AIDES.
ALSO ADJUNCT PROFESSOR AT SMU, TEXAS A&M COMMERCE.
FOUNDING DIRECTOR FOR MENDEZ DUAL LANGUAGE UNIVERSITY DALLAS CAMPUS.
I CAN ONLY GIVE A BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF EVERYONE'S BIO, BUT THE BREADTH AND THE DEPTH OF THEIR EXPERIENCE, IT JUST IS AMAZING, IT PROVIDES SO MUCH TO WHAT IS
[01:20:06]
HAPPENING TODAY.SO MR. MARTINEZ, I AM NOW GOING TO TURN IT OVER TO YOU AND THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME.
>> I'M GOING TO GO STRAIGHT INTO MY PRESENTATION AND TRY NOT TO REPEAT OR REPLICATE THE DATA GIVEN.
MY FRIEND HAS LISTED A LOT OF DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION THAT I'M GOING TO EXCLUDE BECAUSE HE REALLY GIVES THE DATA VERY WELL.
MY PRESENTATION IS GOING TO BE COMING FROM THE PRACTITIONER STANDPOINT.
SOMEONE THAT WAS BORN AND RAISED HERE IN DALLAS AND HAVE BEEN ACTIVE FOR OVER 45 YEARS IN THE COMMUNITY.
MS. ROGERS MENTIONED DR. KING'S VISIT TO DALLAS IN 1966.
I WAS AT MCFARLAND AUDITORIUM.
15 STUDENTS FROM BISHOP COLLEGE THAT WERE BROUGHT TO HEAR DR. KING BY MY SISTER IN LAW.
WE WERE THE ONLY MINORITIES IN THAT AUDITORIUM.
I WAS ABLE TO SEE AND HEAR DR. KING AS A SOPHOMORE AT SMU.
I ALSO HAD THE PRIVILEGE AND HONOR TO WORK WITH AL LIPSKEN, JB JACKSON, GEORGE ALLEN.
SO THE PERSPECTIVES THAT I'M GOING TO GIVE YOU ALL COME FROM MY PERSONAL EXPERIENCE IN BEING INVOLVED IN THOSE SETTINGS WITH KEY AFRICAN AMERICAN LEADERS AND HISPANIC LEADERS AS WE PROGRESS THROUGH HISTORY IN OUR CITY.
I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT THE HISTORY OF DALLAS.
THE MEXICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY.
I'M GOING TO PIVOT TO KEY EVENTS THAT I THINK SHAPED OUR CITY, BOTH IN BLACK AND BROWN RELATIONS AND DEALING WITH EACH OTHER.
THOSE COLLABORATIONS WERE IMPORTANT.
AND THEN TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THOSE EVENTS AND HOW THEY'VE SHAPED THE EVENTS OF NOW, THE EVENTS THAT ARE IMPACTING ON EDUCATION.
AGAIN, I'M NOT GOING TO REPEAT THE DEMOGRAPHICS.
BUT I DO WANT TO SAY ONE THING THAT DR. CALDERON MENTIONED, MEXICAN AMERICANS ARE NOT IMMIGRANTS, AS DR. CALDERON SAID.
THE BORDERS SHIFTED ON US IN TEXAS.
ANNEXATION SHIFTED WHERE WE LIVED AND WHAT WE OWNED.
WHEN HE CITED ALL OF THE STATISTICS ON LYNCHING AND DEATHS OF MEXICANS, YOU'RE PROBABLY SAYING WHY.
BECAUSE LAND WAS BEING TAKEN AWAY FROM MEXICAN AMERICANS IN THE VALLEY, IN SOUTH TEXAS, BECAUSE THEY WERE NOT PAYING TAXES, BECAUSE MEXICANS DID NOT KNOW THAT TAXES HAD TO BE PAID ON LAND.
SHERIFFS AND TEXAS RANGERS WERE SENT OUT AND ARRESTED THESE PEOPLE AND TOOK THEIR LAND AND LYNCHED AND KILLED AND SHOT MEXICANS.
SO IN ESSENCE, THERE HASN'T BEEN IMMIGRATION, IT'S BEEN A SHIFTING OF POPULATIONS OF MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, FROM MEXICO TO SOUTH TEXAS, TO CENTRAL MEXICO.
IT WAS VERY WELL SAID BY DR. CALDERON.
THE OTHER POINT THAT I WANT TO MAKE BEFORE I GET INTO THE PRESENTATION, WHAT DR. DELANEY HAS SAID ABOUT DALLAS MISSING A BIG PORTION OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS PERIOD.
I LIKE TO SAY THAT DALLAS SKIPPED THE CIVIL RIGHTS PERIOD OF THE '60S AND I'LL ALLUDE TO THAT.
OF COURSE, PREVIOUS SPEAKERS HAVE ALLUDED TO THAT.
GOING BACK TO HISTORY OF OUR COMMUNITY, IN DALLAS, THE MEXICAN COMMUNITY IN DALLAS, BASED ON ARCHIVES, BASED ON MEXICAN AMERICAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY, THEIR RESOURCES, BASICALLY CITE THAT THE POPULATION BEGAN TO GROW IN THE 1880S, 1890S, AND THEN IN THE TURN OF THE CENTURY.
THERE IS A MAP, MATT, IF YOU CAN SHIFT, THAT SHOWS DIFFERENT BAYOUS IN DALLAS, KIND OF TELL YOU WHERE THE POPULATIONS WERE.
STARTED IN LITTLE MEXICO AND THEN THEY SHIFTED TO CITY PARK, THEY SHIFTED TO WEST DALLAS, THEY SHIFTED AND REALLY GREW FROM THERE.
WHO WERE THESE PEOPLE? MY PARENTS AND MY RELATIVES CAME TO DALLAS IN THE 1920S.
THEY MOVED FROM MEXICO IN 1917.
[01:25:04]
I HAVE THE CROSSING BILL THAT MY GRANDFATHER PAID WHEN HE CROSSED THE BORDER IN LOREDO.WHY DID THEY COME TO DALLAS? THEY CAME TO DALLAS, MANY OF THEM WERE THE ONES BUILDING THE RAILROADS, IN NORTH TEXAS.
MANY OF THEM WORKED IN THE TEXTILE FACTORIES.
MY MOTHER AND AUNT WORKED IN THE LAUNDRIES.
HOTELS, MY FATHER WORKED IN THE BAKER HOTEL.
HOTELS AND EARLY RESTAURANTS HIRED AND EMPLOYED A LOT OF THESE WORKERS.
WE LIVED IN THIS PARTICULAR MAP THAT I HAVE SHOWN.
AGAIN, WHEN THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION BEGAN IN 1910, 20, THEN YOU SAW A MAJOR SHIFT OF POPULATION.
WHERE THERE WERE MAYBE A FEW THOUSAND IN DALLAS, AROUND THE TURN OF THE CENTURY, THE REVOLUTION CREATED THOUSANDS MORE TO MOVE.
THE LATEST BOOK BY JEFF GWEN, WAR ON THE BORDER, CITED TREMENDOUS STATISTICS OF MOVEMENTS AND POPULATIONS FROM THE BORDER, AUSTIN AND THEN TO DALLAS.
AND IT'S A GOOD BOOK TO READ IN TERMS OF THOSE THINGS, IN TERMS OF HOW MEXICANS NOT ONLY MOVED THROUGHOUT THE STATE, BUT HOW THEY WERE TREATED.
SO LET'S FAST FORWARD NOW TO THE 20S, 30S, MOVING UP TO 30S AND 40S, IN TERMS OF DALLAS.
WHAT WAS HAPPENING? AGAIN, LITTLE MEXICO WAS GROWING.
WE HAD LITTLE MEXICO BEING A PREDOMINANTLY JEWISH COMMUNITY AT ONE TIME AND THEN IT SHIFTED.
MEXICANS IN THIS PART OF THE COMMUNITY THAT I GREW UP WENT THROUGH A LOT OF DISCRIMINATION.
DISCRIMINATION IN SCHOOLS, ESPECIALLY.
WE DIDN'T HAVE SWIMMING POOLS.
EDUCATION WAS A BIG FOCAL POINT.
IF YOU CAN SHIFT, MATT TO THE KEY EVENTS.
SO AS I SAID EARLIER, THE 60S KIND OF WENT BY DALLAS, AMONG MEXICAN AMERICANS, THERE WAS A LOT OF TENSION AND ENERGY BREWING BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF PUBLIC EDUCATION THAT WAS FAIR, THAT WAS EQUITABLE AND GIVEN TO EVERYONE IN THE SAME COMMUNITY.
THOSE OF US IN LITTLE MEXICO ATTENDED SEGREGATED SCHOOLS.
MATT, IF YOU COULD SHIFT TO THE BULLETS ON THE EVENTS, THE KEY ELEMENTS.
EDUCATION WAS A PIVOTAL POINT.
WAS TASBY DESEGREGATION LITIGATION THAT WENT ON TO '71.
THIS WAS A SUIT THAT YOU'VE GOT TO REMEMBER THAT IN 1954, YOU HAD THE BROWN DECISION.
DALLAS SCHOOLS HAD NOT DESEGREGATED SINCE 1954.
THERE HAD BEEN A STAIR STEP PLAN.
SCHOOLS WERE NOT DESEGREGATED.
SO IT TOOK TASBY TO FILE SUIT IN DALLAS COURTS, IN THE COURT OF WILLIAM TAYLOR, TO BRING ABOUT THE FIRST DESEGREGATION CASE OF 1971.
AND THAT LASTED THROUGH 1980, IN TERMS OF APPEALS, MODIFICATIONS, CHANGES, THINGS THAT WERE ADDED AND THEN FINALLY, 1976, WHERE THE DALLAS PLAN GOT INTRODUCED BY THE DALLAS ALLIANCE, I WAS A PART OF THAT, WE ADDED A LOT MORE RENOVATIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN BUILDINGS AND INNOVATIONS IN PROGRAMS, SUCH AS THE MAGNET SCHOOLS, SINGLETON RATIO THAT DESEGREGATED, FACULTY, ADMINISTRATORS.
[01:30:02]
PRIOR TO 1971, BLACK TEACHERS WERE TEACHING IN BLACK SCHOOLS.PRIOR TO 1971, THERE WERE NO BLACK ADMINISTRATORS.
PRIOR TO 1970, THE SCHOOLS WERE SEGREGATED.
I ALWAYS SAY I NEVER ATTENDED DALLAS PUBLIC SCHOOLS UNTIL AND WAS WITH A BLACK STUDENT UNTIL 1966, '65, WHEN I ATTENDED SMU.
SO DALLAS SCHOOLS WERE SEGREGATED.
TASBY WAS THE FIRST PIVOTAL STEP IN TERMS OF DESEGREGATION.
I WAS CHAIR OF THE COMMITTEE WITH ZAN HOLMES.
DOE, THIS CASE THE STATE OF TEXAS HAD A REGULATION THAT STATED THAT CHILDREN OF UNDOCUMENTED WORKERS COULD NOT ATTEND PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
FILED SUIT PRIOR TO 1982, AND FINALLY LED TO SUPREME COURT RULING OF PLYLER V.
WENT ALL THE WAY TO THE SUPREME COURT.
BASICALLY ABOLISHED, DID AWAY WITH THAT MANDATE FROM THE STATE OF TEXAS.
THIS WAS THE PRECURSOR FOR THINGS TO COME IN TERMS OF UNDOCUMENTED CHILDREN AND THEIR EDUCATION.
IT WAS A PRECURSOR TO WHAT HAPPENED LATER IN THE '80S AND '90S, WHERE TRUSTEE FLORES PASSED A RULING WHEN THE DALLAS COLLEGE THAT ALLOWED UNDOCUMENTED STUDENTS TO ATTEND DALLAS COLLEGE WITHOUT PAYING TUITION.
LATER AT THE STATE LEVEL, THE BILL DID THE SAME THING.
DOE WAS A PRECURSOR TO ALL OF THESE EVENTS.
AND THEN OF COURSE, DACA EXECUTIVE ORDER TOOK PLACE.
PLYLER WAS A PRECURSOR TO THIS.
I WAS FORTUNATE TO BE INVOLVED.
FORTUNATE ENOUGH TO GET INVOLVED IN TERMS OF PROVIDING TEMPORARY SCHOOLS FOR KIDS BEFORE THE DECISION CAME DOWN IN 1982.
THIS IS THE HEADLINES OF THE DALLAS NEWS IN 1986.
WE DIDN'T IMMIGRATE TO THIS PART OF THE COUNTRY.
MEXICANS CAME TO THE NORTHERN PART OF THE STATE, CENTRAL PART OF THE STATE, IN MIGRATION WAVES, FOR DIFFERENT REASONS.
IN THE '80S, THEY CAME BECAUSE OF THE AMNESTY LAW CHANGED.
THOUSANDS AND THOUSANDS OF MEXICANS BECAME CITIZENS.
THEN THE BACKLASH TOOK PLACE IN THE TURN OF 2001, 2002, 2003, THAT LED TO THIS PARTICULAR IMMIGRATION MARCH.
THERE WAS A LOT OF THINGS GOING ON IN WASHINGTON IN TERMS OF THE TYPE OF LEGISLATION THAT WAS GOING TO CURB IMMIGRATION NATIONWIDE.
AND AGAIN, I WAS INVOLVED WITH HECTOR FLORES, GARCIA AND OTHERS, TO DEMONSTRATE THE TOXIC NATURE OF THE LEGISLATION THAT WAS GOING ON IN WASHINGTON.
VERY SIMILAR TO THE LEGISLATION THAT IS GOING ON THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY RIGHT NOW ON SUPPRESSING THE VOTE.
THIS WAS DIRECTED AT IMMIGRATION REFORM.
POLICE REPORTS STATED THAT IT WAS CLOSE TO 600,000 PEOPLE THAT MARCHED ON THAT DAY IN DALLAS.
WHY WAS IT IMPORTANT? IT WAS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT WAS NOT JUST MEXICAN AMERICANS MARCHING, IT WAS LATINOS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES, AFRICAN AMERICANS.
EVERYBODY CAME TOGETHER TO DEMONSTRATE THEIR UNITY, AND THE POSITION OF PUSHING FOR COMPREHENSIVE IMMIGRATION REFORM.
WHAT HAVE WE GOTTEN FROM ALL OF THOSE PARTICULAR EVENTS.
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES ARE VERY EVIDENT.
LATINO COMMUNITY, SPECIFICALLY THE MEXICAN COMMUNITY IN DALLAS WAS EIGHT PERCENT OF THE SCHOOLS.
[01:35:03]
SEVEN PERCENT OF THE CITY.THIS PARTICULAR SLIDESHOWS YOU NOW, WE WERE EIGHT PERCENT IN THE '70S.
IN THE SCHOOLS NOW WE ARE 73 PERCENT.
WE WERE ABOUT SIX, SEVEN PERCENT IN THE CITY AND COUNTY.
SO THE DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFT, BECAUSE OF OUR AGE, BECAUSE OF CONTINUING MIGRATIONS OF MEXICANS AND THEN OTHER LATINOS IN THE '50S, '60S AND '70S, FROM OTHER LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES HAS ADDED TO THAT GROWTH.
SO I CITED EVENTS THAT I THINK HAVE BROUGHT US TOGETHER.
I MENTIONED ZAN HOLMES, LEADERS IN DALLAS THAT WERE WORKING WITH LATINO AND MEXICAN AMERICAN LEADERS SIDE BY SIDE.
AND I MENTIONED A FEW EVENTS THAT TOOK PLACE.
SOME OF YOU PROBABLY HAVE NOT HEARD OF THEM.
WE TALKED ABOUT THE COURT CASE.
THOSE SHOOTINGS WERE EXAMPLES OF WHAT WAS GOING ON.
THERE WERE MORE THAN JUST THOSE TWO.
SO FAST FORWARD TO WHERE WE ARE NOW IN TERMS OF BLACK LIVES MATTER.
POLICE WERE SHOOTING LATINOS AND BLACKS IN THE BACK, BACK OF THE HEAD, RUNNING AWAY EVERY MONTH.
AND SO THOSE EVENTS, THOSE INCIDENTS BROUGHT US TOGETHER AS BLACKS AND BROWNS TO MARCH, TO DEMONSTRATE, TO GET RID OF CERTAIN CHIEFS OF POLICE.
TO BRING ABOUT CHANGE IN TERMS OF SOME REFORM IN THE RECRUITMENT AND HIRING OF THE POLICE.
AND SO THOSE WERE THE THINGS THAT WERE TAKING PLACE IN THE '70S AND '80S THAT BROUGHT BLACKS AND BROWNS TO WORK TOGETHER.
NOW, WAS THERE TENSION? WAS THERE DISCORD? WAS THERE DISAGREEMENTS? ABSOLUTELY.
BECAUSE IF YOU COUPLE ALL OF THESE EVENTS AND GOING INTO THE '80S AND '90S, THE DEMOGRAPHICS CHANGING, HISPANICS WERE EIGHT PERCENT ONE DAY, FIVE YEARS, TEN YEARS LATER, 20, 30 PERCENT.
BLACK POPULATION IS DECREASING.
A LOT OF PEOPLE WERE SAYING WELL, IT'S MY TURN.
IT IS NOW THE TIME FOR US TO NOT ONLY WORK TOGETHER, BUT TO SAY WHO HAS THE NUMBERS.
THERE WAS A LOT OF RHETORIC GOING ON DURING THAT PERIOD OF TIME TO CREATE SOME TENSION, SOME DISAGREEMENTS, BUT STILL FORGING TOGETHER AND WORKING TOGETHER AS TWO.
WHAT DO WE GET OUT OF THESE PARTICULAR CHALLENGES AND EVENTS AND THINGS THAT HAPPENED IN THE '70S, '80S, '90S? IN SCHOOLS, WHEN I MENTIONED TASBY, THE DALLAS ALLIANCE, YOU CAN SEE THAT THERE WERE THINGS THAT CAME OUT OF IT.
SOME OF THE BEST SCHOOLS IN THE NATION.
CHOICE SCHOOLS, DEVELOPING NOW.
DUAL LANGUAGE PROGRAMS. WE HAVE THE LARGEST DUAL LANGUAGE PROGRAM RIGHT NOW IN THE NATION.
ALL OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN DALLAS LITERALLY HAVE ONE WAY OR TWO WAY DUAL LANGUAGE.
THAT STARTED IN 1971, BY THE WAY.
BILINGUAL PROGRAMS. EARLY COLLEGE, IN HIGH SCHOOLS.
THESE ARE THINGS THAT ARE GOING ON IN OUR COMMUNITY THAT PEOPLE FROM ALL OVER THE NATION ARE COMING TO WITNESS AND THEY USE US AS BEST PRACTICES.
WHAT ARE SOME OTHER THINGS THAT CAME OUT? I MENTIONED THEM ALREADY.
THE IN RESIDENT TUITION THAT CAME ABOUT PRIOR.
FAST FORWARD TO NOW, WHAT IS GOING TO BE HAPPENING WITH DACA, WHAT IS GOING TO BE HAPPENING WITH COMPREHENSIVE IMMIGRATION REFORM.
SO THESE ARE THINGS THAT STARTED IN THE '70S IN DALLAS AND OTHER CITIES, HAVE GROWN AND NOW THEY'RE GOING TO BE ONGOING CHALLENGES IN TERMS OF GOING FORWARD.
WHERE ARE WE NOW? AS A COMMUNITY OF MEXICAN AMERICANS.
[01:40:04]
83 PERCENT OF THE DALLAS COMMUNITY IS MEXICAN.I USE MEXICAN AMERICAN, LATINO, HISPANIC.
THE REMAINING PERCENT IS PUERTO RICAN, CUBAN, BIG CHUNK IS SALVADORAN, PEOPLE COMING AS RECENTLY AS THE PAST 10, 15 YEARS, NOW RECENT MORE WITH THE CHILDREN ON THE BORDER, PREDOMINANTLY FROM CENTRAL AMERICA.
PREDOMINANT POPULATION IN DALLAS, OF LATINOS IS OF MEXICAN DESCENT.
I'LL BE HERE TO ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS.
>> SO HERE IS WHAT I KNOW FOR SURE, FROM ALL FOUR OF THESE PRESENTATIONS, NUMBER ONE, EACH OF YOU ARE NEEDED IN THE COMMUNITY TO CONTINUE TO SHARE THIS HISTORY AND IT IS OUR RESPONSIBILITY TO TAKE THIS HISTORY AND DO SOMETHING WITH IT.
THAT IS WHAT I KNOW FOR SURE, JUST HEARING THIS.
THIS IS THE BEGINNING OF A CONVERSATION.
BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY, THANKFULLY WE DO HAVE TWO ADDITIONAL SESSIONS FOLLOWING THIS ONE OVER THE NEXT TWO WEEKS THAT SETS THE FOUNDATION FOR CONVERSATION.
I THINK THIS IS THE PART THAT WE REALLY NEEDED THIS CONTEXT TO LAY THAT FOUNDATION.
SO I AGAIN, WANT TO THANK THE FOUR OF YOU FOR BRINGING THIS INFORMATION BECAUSE I AM BLOWN AWAY.
WHAT WE KNOW IS WHAT HAS BEEN TAUGHT TO US.
BUT AS I MENTIONED TO SOMEONE IN CHAT, THE REASON WHY I TRAVEL, AND THE REASON WHY I'M SITTING HERE IN AWE IS BECAUSE YOU DON'T GET THIS OUT OF TEXTBOOKS.
YOU GET THIS WISDOM FROM PEOPLE THAT HAVE RESEARCHED THE INFORMATION AND CAN PRESENT IT IN A WAY THAT HELPS US TO REALIZE, ESPECIALLY AS WE'RE LOOKING AT GROUPS OF PEOPLE, WE'RE LOOKING AT THE BLACK COMMUNITY AND WE'RE LOOKING AT THE MEXICAN COMMUNITY AND WHAT THAT HAS MEANT TO THE CITY OF DALLAS.
I KNOW WE DON'T HAVE A LOT OF TIME FOR QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
BUT I DO WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT WE GET SOME OF THEM OUT.
I WANTED TO DEFER TO THE AUDIENCE BEFORE I ASK MY QUESTION.
SO THERE WAS ONE THAT CAME IN EARLIER.
IT SAID CAN YOU ASK DR. CALDERON WHAT THE SIGNIFICANCE IS OF CINCO DE MAYO.
THE MEXICAN COMMUNITY AND AFRICAN AMERICANS ESPECIALLY.
>> THE CINCO DE MAYO IS THE FIRST BATTLE THAT MEXICANS WON, AND THERE WAS A FOLLOW UP WAR, IF YOU WILL, IN MEXICO, ANOTHER OCCUPATION FOR US, THE UNITED STATES OCCUPIED MEXICO CITY.
MEXICO CITY WAS THE FIRST CAPITAL, FOREIGN CAPITAL THAT U.S.
MILITARY FORCES OCCUPIED AND THEY WERE THERE FOR MONTHS UNTIL THE TREATY WAS FINALLY SIGNED AND APPROVED BY THE SENATES OF BOTH COUNTRIES IN MAY OR JUNE OF 1848.
BUT THE WAR WAS AN ANTI COLONIAL WAR ON THE PART OF MEXICANOS.
FRANCE, CLAIMING THAT IT WAS DUE DEBT THAT HAD NOT BEEN PAID DECIDED TO OCCUPY AND ATTEMPT TO MAKE MEXICANS AND MEXICO A COLONY AND TAKE THE REST OF THE TERRITORY THAT THE UNITED STATES HAD DECIDED IT DID NOT WANT IN 1848.
AND IN PART, THE UNITED STATES DID NOT TAKE ALL OF MEXICO.
THERE WAS AN ALL OF MEXICO MOVEMENT IN THE U.S.. BECAUSE WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO WITH EIGHT MILLION MEXICANS WHO ARE ESSENTIALLY UNDESIRABLE PEOPLES THAT WE WISH NOT TO MAKE PART OF THIS COUNTRY.
AND SO IN PART, IT WAS THE RACISM THAT DRIVES THE LIMITATIONS ON SETTING THE BORDER.
STILL MANAGES TO TAKE OVER HALF OF THE MEXICAN TERRITORY THAT MEXICO
[01:45:11]
CLAIMED.BUT THE FRENCH BROUGHT 40,000 SOLDIERS TO MEXICO.
AND FIGHT A WAR FROM 1862 TO 1867.
MEXICANS ARE VICTORIOUS IN DEFEATING A VERY WAR TRAINED, EXPERIENCED MILITARY FORCE.
YOU KNOW, THAT HAD FOUGHT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, IN EUROPE, ALL SORTS OF, IN AFRICA, ALL SORTS OF CAMPAIGNS, COLONIAL CAMPAIGNS.
BUT THE FIRST MILITARY VICTORY WAS CINCO DE MAYO 1862 AND THE CITY OF PUEBLA AND IT WAS WON BY A MEXICAN WHO HAD ACTUALLY BEEN BORN HERE IN TEXAS, A GENERAL, A YOUNG GENERAL IN HIS EARLY 30S, AND WHAT IS INTERESTING ALSO, BECAUSE THIS IS 1862 TO 1867, IS THAT THE MEXICO LEGALLY ABOLISHED SLAVERY IN 1829.
40 YEARS, 30 YEARS BEFORE THE U.S.. AND SO WHEN THE BORDER IS ESTABLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES, AFTER THE WAR IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CENTURY, THE BORDER BECOMES A HAVEN FOR FREEDOM.
THE DESIRE TO ESCAPE INJUSTICE.
AND SO YOU HAVE AFRICAN AMERICANS FROM LOUISIANA, FROM ARKANSAS, FROM TEXAS ITSELF, AND WHO ARE FLEEING TOWARDS THE U.S.
THEY CAN EARN THEIR FREEDOM AND BE FREE OF SLAVERY IN MEXICO.
HIS NAME ESCAPES ME RIGHT NOW.
HE, FOR EXAMPLE, IS A DESCENDENT IN PART OF ONE OF THOSE AFRICANS WHO FLEES TO MEXICO.
INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH IN HIS OWN GENEALOGY.
SO DURING THE 1850S, YOU HAVE THIS MOVEMENT SOUTH TOWARD THE BORDER, WEST AND SOUTH TOWARD THE BORDER OF TEXAS, IN ORDER TO ENTER MEXICO BY UNTOLD NUMBER ENSLAVED AFRICAN AMERICANS.
AND ONE OF THE RESPONSES HERE IN TEXAS BY THE WHITE COMMUNITY, BY THOSE WHO CONDONE AND ENDORSE SLAVERY AS AN INSTITUTION, FOR INSTANCE, THE MASS EXPULSION THAT WE HAVE OF MEXICAN COMMUNITIES IN THE CITY OF AUSTIN, IN THE 1850S, MEXICANS ARE EXPULSED, RUN OUT OF THE CITY TWICE IN THE 1850S.
BECAUSE WHITES BELIEVED THAT MEXICANS WERE A DANGER FOR THE PRESERVATION OF SLAVERY.
BECAUSE THEY WOULD BEFRIEND AND ENGAGE IN THIS MOVEMENT TO FREEDOM.
MEXICANS ARE AT THE RECEIVING END OF THIS INSISTENCE ON THE PRESERVATION OF THE INSTITUTION.
>> IN THE ESSENCE OF TIME BEFORE I TURN IT BACK OVER TO MATT, I WANT TO ASK THIS QUESTION BECAUSE I DO THINK IT'S IMPORTANT.
FROM YOUR PERSPECTIVES AND THE HISTORY THAT EACH OF YOU HAS PROVIDED TODAY, CAN WE TRULY, CAN WE TRULY GET TO THE POINT OF DEI, DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND INCLUSION WITHOUT ADDRESSING THE PAST.
IT OFTEN SEEMS THAT PEOPLE PICK UP ON WHAT FEELS RIGHT.
[01:50:05]
THERE IS NO ACKNOWLEDGMENT FOR THE PAST TO ACTUALLY UNDERSTAND THE JUSTICE THAT IS NEEDED TO MOVE FORWARD.SO TO ALL OF YOU OR ONE OF YOU OR TWO OF YOU, CAN WE REALLY ACHIEVE THIS POINT OF DEI AS IT'S BECOME TRENDY WITHOUT FACING THE PAST AND TO JUSTICE OF WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO OUR COMMUNITIES HERE IN DALLAS?
I THINK YOU LEARN FROM THE PAST.
I LIKE TO PICK THE GOOD THINGS FROM THE PAST.
I LIKE TO PICK THE PEOPLE THAT I WAS WITH AT TIMES THAT TAUGHT ME THINGS IN A POSITIVE WAY.
HISTORY SAYS A LOT OF THINGS TO US, GOING FORWARD, FOR THE CHALLENGES THAT WE HAVE.
>> I WOULD LIKE TO ADD THAT WE NEED TO STUDY THE PAST, BECAUSE IT ACCOUNTS FOR THE REASONS WHY WE HAVE LAWS THE WAY THEY ARE.
WHY THERE IS SEGREGATION AND NOW WE HAVE DESEGREGATION.
SO WE HAVE TO LOOK AT THE LAWS.
WHY THERE IS NOT A NUMBER OF RACES LIVING IN THE SAME NEIGHBORHOOD.
WE HAVE TO LOOK AT THE LEGAL SYSTEM AS TO WHY WE ARE LIKE WE ARE.
>> LET ME JUST JUMP IN REAL QUICK AND SAY THIS IS AN IMPORTANT SUBJECT THAT WE TEACH, THAT WE SEE IT TODAY, WITH THESE SOUTHERN LEGISLATORS TRYING TO STIFLE THE TRUTH.
SO I BELIEVE THAT IF WE TEACH THE PAST TRUTHFULLY, WE WILL COME TO UNDERSTAND EACH OTHER, ONE OF THE THINGS THAT HAS HAPPENED HISTORICALLY IS THAT (INAUDIBLE) THEY GROW AND DEVELOP AND BELIEVE IN THEIR GREATNESS AND STRENGTH, NEGLECT THE TEACHING OF THE HISTORY OF MEXICAN AMERICANS, WOMEN, AFRICAN AMERICANS, INDEED, THEY ARE DEPRIVED OF THEIR HISTORY.
OF ALL OF THE STUDIES, HISTORY IS MOST IMPORTANT.
>> TEACH HISTORY ACCURATELY AND CORRECTLY.
THERE WERE VERY FEW PEOPLE ON THAT PANEL THAT KNEW ANYTHING ABOUT THE LOST CAUSE AND WHY THE MONUMENTS WERE BUILT.
BECAUSE THAT PART OF HISTORY, YOU KNOW, PEOPLE DON'T LIKE TO HEAR ABOUT THE LOST CAUSE.
SO IT'S GOT TO BE TAUGHT ACCURATELY AND FAST FORWARD TO RIGHT NOW, TO WHAT IS GOING ON IN AUSTIN, IN TERMS OF DOING AWAY, TEACHING HISTORY FROM THAT PERSPECTIVE.
MY TAKE AWAY IS YOU KNOW, UNDERSTANDING OUR SOURCES OF DISCOMFORT IS THE ONLY WAY THAT WE CAN TRULY GET TO A PLACE OF EQUITABLE INCLUSION.
AND SUPPORT FOR EVERYONE ACROSS THE COMMUNITY, IF THAT IS WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO ACHIEVE.
SO WITH THAT BEING SAID, I WANT TO THANK EACH OF YOU FOR YOUR TIME TODAY.
I WANT TO THANK EACH OF YOU FOR YOUR PRESENTATIONS.
THOSE OF US THAT MAY BE FROM TEXAS, THOSE OF US THAT MAY NOT BE FROM TEXAS, THIS IS THE HISTORY THAT WE ALL NEED TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO MOVE THIS CITY FORWARD, TO ENSURE THAT THERE IS EQUITABLE ACCESS FOR EVERYONE, THAT ARE RESIDENTS AND DO BUSINESS WITH THE CITY OF DALLAS.
I WANT TO THANK YOU ALL FOR YOUR TIME TODAY AND DALLAS COLLEGE FOR INVITING ME TO MODERATE THESE SESSIONS.
SO WITH THAT BEING SAID, I AM GOING TO TURN IT BACK OVER TO YOU, PROFESSOR MATT.
THANK YOU PANELISTS FOR AN AMAZING DISCUSSION.
I'M TAKING NOTES HERE ON THIS END.
SO YOU ALL, ALL FOUR OF YOU WILL RECEIVE A FOLLOW UP FROM ME.
BUT I DEFINITELY WANT TO THANK YOU ALL FOR INVESTING YOUR TIME, NOT ONLY IN THIS PROGRAM, BUT INVESTING YOUR TIME AND ENERGY IN SPIRIT TO THE COMMUNITY.
[01:55:03]
QUITE HONESTLY, A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO ARE WORKING FOR THEIR COMMUNITIES, WHETHER IT'S THE AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY, MEXICAN AMERICAN, LATIN X COMMUNITY, REALLY AREN'T ABLE TO CROSS COMMUNICATE WITH ONE ANOTHER BECAUSE OF ALL OF THE STRESS AND ISSUES WITH OUR COMMUNITY.HAVING DISCUSSIONS LIKE THIS TO UNDERSTAND THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT, WE HAVE MORE THAT ARE SIMILAR THAN THERE ARE DIFFERENT IS VERY SIGNIFICANT.
AND WE WANT TO PROVIDE THIS AS A FRAMEWORK SO THAT WE CAN CONTINUE OUR DISCUSSION NEXT WEEK.
I WANT TO LET EVERYONE KNOW, I WANT TO INVITE YOU FOUR, PERSONALLY, TO ATTEND NEXT TWO WEEKS EVENTS, AS WE ARE GOING TO DISCUSS THE PRESENT DEI IN DALLAS, AND THE FUTURE IN DEI IN NORTH TEXAS ON JUNE 3RD, JUNE 10TH RESPECTIVELY.
WOULD LOVE FOR YOU TO ATTENDS.
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK OUR MODERATOR KIM, THANK YOU FOR BEING ABLE TO EFFECTIVELY PROVIDE A VENUE, A SPACE WHERE WE CAN HAVE A CONSTRUCTIVE CONVERSATION.
WE ARE RECORDING THIS SESSION.
AND THE GOAL FOR US TO MASS DISTRIBUTION.
ESPECIALLY IN DALLAS, SO PEOPLE CAN HAVE DATA POINTS.
SECONDLY, I WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE COMMITTEE MEMBERS, THAT IS HEADED BY DR. JAMES, DIRECTOR OF THE URBAN SEARCH INSTITUTE, HE ALONG WITH ROMANI, WHO IS THE CHIEF DIRECTOR OF DIVERSITY IN DALLAS COLLEGE.
AND DEANNA FLORES, WHO IS THE TRUSTEE MEMBER OF DALLAS COLLEGE, WHO I BELIEVE IS THE CHAIR OF DALLAS COLLEGE STILL.
I WANT TO THANK THE THREE OF YOU ALL FOR YOUR LEADERSHIP IN THIS.
AND THANK DEE MARTINEZ, AS WELL AS RICK ORTIZ, HARRISON BLAIR, THE PRESIDENTS OF GREATER DALLAS HISPANIC CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.
WE WILL LOVE FOR YOU ALL TO JOIN US NEXT WEEK, AS WE ARE GOING TO HAVE A ROBUST DISCUSSION, THIS SAME TIME, 12 NOON.
IF YOU HAVEN'T, PLEASE INVITE AND SHARE WITH YOUR FRIENDS AND NETWORK TO REGISTER AND WE LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING YOU ALL NEXT THURSDAY.
THANK YOU AND HAVE A GREAT DAY.
* This transcript was compiled from uncorrected Closed Captioning.